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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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If a girl is thirteen or fourteen years old and has not fasted, does she have to make up the fast?

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Question:
She says: Honorable Shaykh, I am now approximately fifty-two years old. When I was young, at the age of thirteen and fourteen, and certainly before I reached fifteen, it happened that I did not fast the month of Ramadan for that year due to very difficult circumstances, and when I was engaged in heavy labor, and my family insisted that I not fast in order for me to perform these tasks. Do I have to make up that month?

Answer:
When a Muslim, male or female, reaches the age of accountability and one of the signs of puberty appears, such as menstruation for a female, then if she has her first period, she enters the age of accountability. The saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)
Allah does not accept the prayer of a woman who menstruatesلا يقبل الله صلاة حائض
Sunan Ibn Majah 655Sahih (Darussalam)
means that she has reached the age of menstruation. From this context, fasting the month of Ramadan is obligatory for her because it is a pillar of Islam. Her family has no right to prevent her from fasting on the pretext that they want her to do heavy work. Indeed, this is not permissible for them, and it is not permissible for her to obey them in this, because there is no obedience to a created being in disobedience to the Creator (Glorified and Exalted is He). It is obligatory for the guardians of women and the affairs of minors, once they reach maturity, that they assist them in their religious affairs and compel them to perform the obligatory acts and abandon the forbidden ones, because this is a requirement of the guardianship that Allah has placed upon them, as stated in the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)
All of you are guardians and are responsible for your wardsكلكم راع وكلكم مسئول عن رعيته
Sahih al-Bukhari 5200
. Allah the Exalted said:
Men are in charge of womenالرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ
[An-Nisa 4:34]
. Guardianship applies to religious matters and worldly matters; in religious matters, it is more primary, more binding, and more important. What these people did toward their daughter, preventing her from fasting so that she would work for them, is a great error and is forbidden for them. She must make up the fasting she left from Ramadan. She must repent to Allah (Mighty and Majestic) and fast the days she did not fast, even if they were from a long time ago, because this is a debt in her conscience that is not dropped except by performing it for Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He). So she must make up the days she did not fast, along with repentance to Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), regret, and seeking forgiveness. And along with making up the fast, she must feed a poor person for each day as a ransom for the delay, and give the amount of half a sa' to the poor for each day. Yes. May Allah reward you with good, and may He do you good.
Source قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، من كان عمرها ثلاث عشرة سنة أو أربع عشرة سنة ولم تصم، هل عليها قضاء؟ الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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