What is the ruling on one who is unable to fulfill a vow?
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Question:
A man vowed to himself that he would pay one thousand riyals if Allah cured him, and he was wealthy. Then his circumstances changed from wealth to poverty, and he was cured, but he did not have one thousand riyals. What is required of him?
Answer:
It remains a debt in his liability. The vow remains a debt in his liability, so when he becomes wealthy, he fulfills the vow. This is a debt in his liability. Yes.
A man vowed to himself that he would pay one thousand riyals if Allah cured him, and he was wealthy. Then his circumstances changed from wealth to poverty, and he was cured, but he did not have one thousand riyals. What is required of him?
Answer:
It remains a debt in his liability. The vow remains a debt in his liability, so when he becomes wealthy, he fulfills the vow. This is a debt in his liability. Yes.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، ما حكم من لم يستطع الوفاء بالنذر؟ للشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.