Is it permissible to pray over one who died by suicide?
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Question:
In his first question, he asks: What is the ruling on the funeral prayer for a suicide? He means: How do we pray over one who killed himself?
Answer:
Killing oneself is forbidden, and it is the most severe form of killing oneself. Killing oneself in general without right is forbidden. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Isra 17:33]. And a person killing himself is more severe in prohibition. Allah the Exalted said: [An-Nisa 4:29-30] That is easy for Allah. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned in a hadith that if it was poison, or his sword, or falling from a mountain, then that is done to him in the Fire of Hell as a punishment for him. This is from the category of severe warning. But the one who kills himself does not thereby leave Islam; rather, he is a Muslim who is considered a sinner and one who committed a major sin from the major sins. He is treated with the treatment of a Muslim: he is washed, shrouded, prayed over, and buried in the Muslim cemeteries, and supplication for forgiveness and mercy is made for him, because he did not thereby leave Islam. Even though he committed a major sin and an ugly transgression, forgiveness is hoped for him, for Allah the Exalted says: Allah does not [An-Nisa 4:48] meaning anything less than shirk (associating partners with Allah). Yes.
In his first question, he asks: What is the ruling on the funeral prayer for a suicide? He means: How do we pray over one who killed himself?
Answer:
Killing oneself is forbidden, and it is the most severe form of killing oneself. Killing oneself in general without right is forbidden. Allah the Exalted said:
And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly - We have given his heir authority
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَمَن قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًاAnd do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful. (30) And whoever does that in aggression and injustice - then We will drive him into a Fire. And
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ عُدْوَانًا وَظُلْمًا فَسَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِ نَارًا وَكَانَWhoever kills himself with something, that thing will be with him in the Fire of Hell.
من قتل نفسه بشيء ان هذا الشيء يكون معه في نار جهنمforgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills
يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، هل يجوز الصلاة على من مات منتحرًا؟ الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.