Is man compelled or free to choose, and is sustenance decreed by Allah before He creates man?
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Question:
We move on, Honorable Doctor, to a message from one of the brothers, in which he says: I hope you will inform me whether man is compelled or free to choose regarding sustenance and worldly work? And is sustenance decreed by Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, before He creates man? I ask you to inform me with verses and hadiths, because Satan constantly dominates me and makes me say, "If I had done such and such, then such and such would have happened," and I know fully that if you open the door to Satan's work...
Answer:
Yes, it is obligatory for man to seek refuge in Allah from Satan and to leave these whispers, and not to investigate matters of divine decree. Rather, it is obligatory to investigate matters of his religion and to learn the rulings of his religion that he needs, as well as the rulings of his transactions and what he needs in his life and his dealings with others. This is what is obligatory for man. As for investigating matters that pertain to Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, that is not permissible, and the greatest of these is divine decree. Matters of the unseen are not to be investigated by man; rather, he believes in them in light of what came in the Book and the Sunnah. He believes in them and holds them in his heart, believing that Allah decreed everything and wrote everything in the Preserved Tablet, and that nothing happens in this universe except by the decree and destiny of Allah, whether good or evil, happiness or misery, disbelief or faith, wealth or poverty, health or illness, long life or short life, or otherwise. All of it is by the decree and destiny of Allah.
As for the issue of whether sustenance is predestined or a matter of choice, Allah commanded the seeking of sustenance. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, commanded us to seek sustenance. He, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:[Al-Mulk 67:15] He, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: [Al-Jumu'ah 62:10] He, the Exalted, said: [Al-Muzzammil 73:20] meaning they travel [Al-Muzzammil 73:20]. Traveling and moving to seek sustenance is among what Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, has commanded, and it is something for which a person is rewarded with a good intention. It is not permissible for a person to neglect the means and say, "If Allah has decreed something for me, it will come," because sustenance only comes through means that a person performs. If he does so, Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, may bring about their results and the causes of their causes. But without a cause, a person will not obtain anything because he did not exert the cause that he was commanded to exert. Yes. As Dr. Salih mentioned, the issues of divine decree and destiny were elaborated by the honorable scholars in specialized books, and there is not enough time for him to elaborate on them in this episode. We move on after this. Although I advise that a person should not open himself up to these questions. Yes.
We move on, Honorable Doctor, to a message from one of the brothers, in which he says: I hope you will inform me whether man is compelled or free to choose regarding sustenance and worldly work? And is sustenance decreed by Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, before He creates man? I ask you to inform me with verses and hadiths, because Satan constantly dominates me and makes me say, "If I had done such and such, then such and such would have happened," and I know fully that if you open the door to Satan's work...
Answer:
Yes, it is obligatory for man to seek refuge in Allah from Satan and to leave these whispers, and not to investigate matters of divine decree. Rather, it is obligatory to investigate matters of his religion and to learn the rulings of his religion that he needs, as well as the rulings of his transactions and what he needs in his life and his dealings with others. This is what is obligatory for man. As for investigating matters that pertain to Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, that is not permissible, and the greatest of these is divine decree. Matters of the unseen are not to be investigated by man; rather, he believes in them in light of what came in the Book and the Sunnah. He believes in them and holds them in his heart, believing that Allah decreed everything and wrote everything in the Preserved Tablet, and that nothing happens in this universe except by the decree and destiny of Allah, whether good or evil, happiness or misery, disbelief or faith, wealth or poverty, health or illness, long life or short life, or otherwise. All of it is by the decree and destiny of Allah.
As for the issue of whether sustenance is predestined or a matter of choice, Allah commanded the seeking of sustenance. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, commanded us to seek sustenance. He, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:
It is He who made the earth tame for you - so walk among its slopes and eat of His provision - and to Him is the resurrection.
هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ ذَلُولًا فَامْشُوا فِي مَنَاكِبِهَا وَكُلُوا مِن رِّزْقِهِ وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُورُAnd when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek from the bounty of Allah
فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِHe has known that there will be among you those who are ill and others traveling throughout the land
عَلِمَ أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُم مَّرْضَىٰ وَآخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِseeking [something] of the bounty of Allah and others fighting for the cause of Allah
يَبْتَغُونَ مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَآخَرُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، هل الإنسان مسير أم مخير، وهل الرزق مقدر من الله قبل أن يخلق الإنسان؟ الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.
