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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Is it permissible to combine the 'Asr prayer with the Friday prayer?

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Question : Some people have noticed this jurisprudential trick. When some people were told that it is not permissible to combine 'Asr with the Friday prayer—for example, a traveler who passes through a town while they are praying the Friday prayer and joins them in the Friday prayer, and it is known that 'Asr is not combined with the Friday prayer—he says, "I will pray behind the imam and intend it as Zuhr."

Answer : So that I can combine 'Asr with it. We say this is correct: if you intend it as Zuhr, there is no harm. However, based on the scholars' discussion, your intention will differ from the imam's intention. The imam is praying Jumu'ah, and you are praying Zuhr. According to the one who conditions the validity of the prayer on the unity of intention between the imam and the ma'mum, the prayer is not valid, because there are only two exceptions to this rule, and this is not one of them.
Then we say: if we hold that the Zuhr prayer behind the Jumu'ah prayer is valid, and on the correct view it is not required that the intention of the imam and the ma'mum be the same, then if he intends it as Zuhr, he misses a great benefit. What is it? The reward of Jumu'ah. The reward of Jumu'ah is no small matter.
Therefore, the reward of Jumu'ah is forfeited for the one who talks while the imam is delivering the khutbah. If a person talks while the imam is delivering the khutbah on Friday, he forfeits the reward of Jumu'ah, as the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Then I have wasted [my time], and whoever wastes [his time] has no Jumu'ah for himفقد لغوت ومن لغى فلا جمعة له
meaning that he does not receive the reward of Jumu'ah. So this trick works according to the opinion of some jurists, but he misses the reward of Jumu'ah because of it. So he says: Pray Jumu'ah, continue your travel, and when the time for 'Asr comes, pray 'Asr.
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، 4065هل يجوز جمع العصر مع صلاة الجمعة؟📔 الشرح الممتع على زاد المستقنع - ابن عثيمين — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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