What are the dhikr phrases for which it is prescribed to raise the voice?

Question : The questioner asks: What are the dhikr phrases for which a person raises his voice after the obligatory prayer? And what is your view regarding the statement of Ibn al-Qayyim and his Shaykh that supplication is to be made before the taslim, and dhikr after it?

Answer : The dhikr for which a person raises his voice after the obligatory prayer is every dhikr that is prescribed after the prayer. This is because it is established in Sahih al-Bukhari from the hadith of that he taught them to do so when they had finished, and when they heard it. This indicates that whatever dhikr is prescribed in the post-prayer adhkar, it is to be recited aloud. As for those among the scholars who claim that it was only recited aloud during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for the purpose of teaching, and that it is not recommended to recite it aloud now, this is in reality a dangerous principle. If we were to say, whenever a Sunnah comes with such a matter, that it was for teaching and that people have now learned it, so this Sunnah is not prescribed, many of the Sunnahs would be invalidated by this method.
Then we say that the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) taught them what is prescribed after the prayer. As in the story of the poor people who came to complain to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that the rich people had outpaced them. He said, "Shall I inform you of something by which you will catch up with those who have outpaced you?" Then he mentioned to them that they should glorify Allah, magnify Allah, and praise Allah thirty-three times each. So he taught them by his words (peace and blessings be upon him). The correct view in this matter is that it is prescribed in the post-prayer adhkar of the obligatory prayers for a person to recite aloud every dhikr that is prescribed therein, whether it is the tahlil, the tasbih, the istighfar after the taslim three times, or the saying: "O Allah, You are Peace and from You comes peace. Blessed are You, O Owner of Majesty and Honor."
As for what the questioner mentioned regarding Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and his student Ibn al-Qayyim, namely that supplication comes before the prayer and remembrance after it, this is very good, and the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) indicates this. When he mentioned that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught them the tashahhud, he then said, "Then let him choose from the supplications whatever he likes." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded that a person supplicate immediately after the tashahhud and before the taslim. As for the remembrance after the taslim, that is due to the saying of Allah the Exalted: . Accordingly, what comes after the taslim is remembrance, and what comes before the taslim is supplication. This is what the hadith and the Qur'an require, and the meaning also requires it, because the one praying is in the presence of Allah (Mighty and Majestic). As long as he is in his prayer, he is conversing with his Lord, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed us. When he turns away and says the taslim, he turns away from that. So how can we delay the supplication until you turn away from conversing with Allah?
Reason requires that supplication be made before you say the taslim, as long as you are conversing with your Lord (Blessed and Exalted is He). And thus, what Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) and his student Ibn al-Qayyim held is the correct view, indicated by both the transmitted texts and reason. However, there is no harm in a person supplicating after the prayer sometimes. As for making that a regular practice, as some people do, raising their hands to supplicate every time they finish the voluntary prayer, I do not know of any Sunnah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this.