What is meant by the People of the Tree?
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Question:
May Allah reward you. This questioner, Abu Ahmad, asks: Who are the People of the Tree in the noble verse? May Allah preserve you.
Answer:
It refers to Hudaybiyyah, the Pledge of Hudaybiyyah, the Pledge of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came intending to perform 'Umrah, the polytheists prevented him and his companions, who were with them carrying the sacrificial animals, from entering. They stopped them at a place called Hudaybiyyah, near al-Tan'īm, or at the edge of al-Tan'īm, preventing them from entering Makkah.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) to the people of Makkah to negotiate with them, hoping they would reconsider their idea and stop preventing the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and allow the Messenger and his companions to enter for 'Umrah. Rumors spread that 'Uthman had been killed; it was rumored that 'Uthman had been killed. So the Companions pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to die.
When the news reached them, they pledged allegiance to him for death. They were to fight the polytheists under a tree. This tree is in al-Hudaybiyyah. He said:[Al-Fath 48:18] So they pledged allegiance to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) under this tree. After that, some people in the time of 'Umar would go to this tree to seek blessing from it. So 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked why they were going there. They said they were going to the Tree of the Pledge of Satisfaction, meaning they were seeking blessing from it. So 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered it to be cut down to prevent fitnah (trial, discord or temptation). Yes.
May Allah reward you. This questioner, Abu Ahmad, asks: Who are the People of the Tree in the noble verse? May Allah preserve you.
Answer:
It refers to Hudaybiyyah, the Pledge of Hudaybiyyah, the Pledge of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came intending to perform 'Umrah, the polytheists prevented him and his companions, who were with them carrying the sacrificial animals, from entering. They stopped them at a place called Hudaybiyyah, near al-Tan'īm, or at the edge of al-Tan'īm, preventing them from entering Makkah.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) to the people of Makkah to negotiate with them, hoping they would reconsider their idea and stop preventing the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and allow the Messenger and his companions to enter for 'Umrah. Rumors spread that 'Uthman had been killed; it was rumored that 'Uthman had been killed. So the Companions pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to die.
When the news reached them, they pledged allegiance to him for death. They were to fight the polytheists under a tree. This tree is in al-Hudaybiyyah. He said:
Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، 6790- ما المراد بأهل الشجرة ؟ - الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.