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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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How does maintaining family ties increase lifespan?

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Question : And the best is charity to a relative, based on the report, and the saying of Allah the Exalted, or feeding in...

Answer : As for him. That maintaining family ties increases lifespan. And this hadith and its like are matters that have been difficult for some scholars, who asked: How does the Sunnah increase in lifespan?
A person's lifespan is fixed; if Allah's appointed time comes, it is not delayed. So how can it be increased? It is said that there is no doubt in this, and praise be to Allah. This is mentioned in the Qur'an and in the Sunnah. Noah said to his people, "So ask forgiveness." Yes. One. No, no, before that, that I warn them. He said:
O my people, indeed I am to you a clear warner, (3) [Saying], 'Worship Allah, fear Him and obey me. (4) Allah will forgive you of your sins and delay you for a specified termيَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى
[Nuh 71:2-4]
So he made that one of the causes for their delay until a specified term. And he said that if Allah's appointed time comes, it is not delayed. There is no contradiction between this and what came before it. That is to say, if Allah's appointed time comes by way of punishment, it is not delayed, but if you return to Allah and seek His forgiveness before that, He will delay you until a specified term. Likewise,
He who likes that his sustenance should be expanded and his age may be lengthened should join the tie of kinship.مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُبْسَطَ لَهُ فِي رِزْقِهِ وَيُنْسَأَ لَهُ فِي أَثَرِهِ فَلْيَصِلْ رَحِمَهُ
Sahih Muslim 2557b
. We say there is no contradiction, and praise be to Allah, because what the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said is in the category of encouraging the maintenance of family ties. If Allah has decreed for a person a specified lifespan based on the maintenance of family ties, then the maintenance of family ties will occur, and the lifespan will be extended. This is because the divine decree is a hidden secret that we do not know. For example, if a person is guided and, before this hadith, maintains his family ties, we know that Allah the Exalted has made for him a cause by which his provision will be abundant and his lifespan long. And if he is not guided, we know that Allah the Exalted has shortened his lifespan because he was not guided to that. So He has written down both the one who maintained ties and was increased, and the one who cut ties and had his lifespan shortened.
And no aged person is granted [additional] life nor is his lifespan lessened but that it is in a registerوَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِن مُّعَمَّرٍ وَلَا يُنقَصُ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ
[Fatir 35:11]
. In my view, there is no doubt in this matter. We even say to a man who wants to have children, "Let him get married." Can one say this or not? Yes, we say this. And if it is decreed that he gets married, we know that Allah has decreed children for him because the cause has been found. So, there is no doubt in the statement that maintaining family ties increases lifespan; there is no doubt in it. As for the attempt by some scholars to say that the meaning of "increase" here is blessing, there is no doubt that blessing involves an increase, but that is not what is intended in the hadith.
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، 2784 - كيف صلة الرحم تزيد العمر؟ الكافي في فقه الإمام أحمد بن حنبل - ابن عثيمين — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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