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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Does a woman break the prayer if she passes in front of the one praying?

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Question : If a woman passes in front of a man while he is praying, does she break his prayer, especially if he is in a crowded place at the Station of Ibrahim?

Answer : First, it must be known that the Tawaf area is for those performing Tawaf. It is not permissible for a person to pray in the Tawaf area as long as people need it, because Allah gave precedence to those performing Tawaf over those praying, saying:
and purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who stand [in prayer] and those who bow and prostrate.وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ
[Al-Hajj 22:26]
So the Tawaf area is for those performing Tawaf. If someone stands to pray in the Tawaf area, even if he is behind the Station of Ibrahim, he has no sanctity. You may break his prayer, and no honor is due to him. Likewise, those who pray in the passageways also have no sanctity. So there is no harm in you walking in front of them, because they are the ones who have wronged people by praying in the passageways.
As for a person praying away from the passageways and away from the Tawaf area, it is not permissible for a person to pass in front of him, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If the person who passes in front of another person in prayer knew the magnitude of his sin, it would have been better for him to wait for forty than pass in front of him."صلى الله عليه وسلم لو يعلم المار بين يدي المصلي ماذا عليه يعني من الإثم لكان أن يقف أربعين خير له من أن يمر بين يديه،
Bulugh al-Maram 2:94
Yes. It is reported in sources other than the two Sahihs "forty autumns," meaning forty years. That is, if he were to stand watching this praying man until his prayer lasted forty years, that would be better for him than passing in front of him. We say to our brothers: Stand for how long? Forty minutes is enough. But they do not stand for even one minute, and this is a mistake. Your praying brothers have a right, so do not pass in front of them, not in the Sacred Mosque or anywhere else, except for one who stands or prays in a place where others have more right to it than he does, such as the Tawaf area and the passageways. As for what breaks the prayer, only three categories break it: the adult woman, the second is the black dog, and the third is the donkey. Yes.
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، لقاء[187 من 200] هل المرأة تقطع الصلاة إذا مرت بين يدي المصلي؟ الشيخ ابن عثيمين - مشروع كبار العلماء — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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