The ruling on declaring a disbeliever one who deems permissible a form of riba (usury or interest) on which there is scholarly disagreement

Question:
Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success. If a person deems permissible a form of riba (usury or interest) on which scholars disagree, based on a doubtful matter—meaning some scholars have permitted it—does the one who deems it permissible become a disbeliever? This is a matter of disagreement.

Answer:
The one who deems it permissible is not a disbeliever, given the disagreement. However, regarding what is agreed upon, the one who deems it permissible is a disbeliever. Riba (usury or interest) is forbidden by consensus. If someone were to come and say, "There is absolutely no riba (usury or interest); people are free, and this is just buying and selling, and there is nothing called riba (usury or interest)," that person is a disbeliever. But if he says, for example, "Some of these forms are not the ones in which riba (usury or interest) applies, because so-and-so or such-and-such an Imam holds that riba (usury or interest) does not apply to them," then he is not a disbeliever, but he is in error. It is said to him: The consideration is not based on the fact that so-and-so differed or held such a view, but on the evidence. If the one who differs has evidence, that is one thing; otherwise, it is not permissible to follow him without knowledge. But this is an error; it is not considered disbelief. Yes.