Is it established that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed one of the Companions to fast for the entire year?
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Question:
He asks: Is the hadith authentic in which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed a noble Companion to fast, such that no fire was lit in his house except at night, meaning that he fasted every day?
Answer:
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting for the entire year; he forbade fasting for the entire year, and said, "He who fasts for the entire year has not fasted," and in another narration, "He has neither fasted nor broken his fast." So I do not think it is established that he instructed a Companion to fast for the entire year and not to light a fire in his house during the day. Yes.
He asks: Is the hadith authentic in which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed a noble Companion to fast, such that no fire was lit in his house except at night, meaning that he fasted every day?
Answer:
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting for the entire year; he forbade fasting for the entire year, and said, "He who fasts for the entire year has not fasted," and in another narration, "He has neither fasted nor broken his fast." So I do not think it is established that he instructed a Companion to fast for the entire year and not to light a fire in his house during the day. Yes.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، [ 3436/482] هل ثبت أن النبي ﷺ أوصى أحد الصحابة بصيام الدهر كله؟ - الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.