What is your opinion on this phrase: "There is no disbelief except by belief," and who are the ones who say it?

Question:
The questioner says: Honorable Shaykh, what is your opinion on this phrase: "There is no disbelief except by belief"? I hope you will elaborate on it, as many of the youth and students of knowledge do not know whether this phrase is correct or not. If it is not correct, which sect does this opinion belong to? May Allah reward you with good.

Answer:
This is an invalid opinion, and it is the opinion of the Murji'ah. Belief is one type of disbelief, and disbelief is not limited to it. Disbelief occurs by speech, by action, by belief, and by doubt as well. Disbelief has various types.
It occurs through speech: if a person speaks a word of disbelief, he is a disbeliever. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: , and He, Exalted is He, said: . So, if a person speaks words of disbelief while knowing that it is disbelief—he is not ignorant, he knows it is disbelief, but he says it in the way of joking and mockery—he is a disbeliever by the explicit text of the verses. Likewise, the action: if one prostrates to other than Allah, or slaughters for other than Allah, or calls upon other than Allah, or seeks aid from the dead, this is a disbeliever, one who associates partners with Allah, and he is ruled to be a disbeliever because of his action, because of his action. As for his heart, no one knows it except Allah, but we rule on what appears to us through his actions of disbelief and shirk (associating partners with Allah) by ruling that he is a disbeliever, unless he is ignorant and is excused by ignorance. That is, he lives in an environment where nothing of Islam reaches him, he does not hear the Qur'an, and he does not hear anything. This is explained to him and the matter is clarified for him. If he persists in his disbelief after the explanation, he is ruled to be a disbeliever. As for the person who lives with Muslims, hears the Qur'an, hears the hadiths, and hears the words of the scholars, and then slaughters for other than Allah, or makes a vow for other than Allah, or seeks aid from the dead, or circumambulates the graves, this person is ruled to be a disbeliever. He is ruled to be a disbeliever. As for his heart, it is not with us; that is with Allah, Exalted is He. But these actions of his are actions of disbelievers. Likewise, if a person believes in his heart.
...if he performs the actions outwardly, prays, fasts, performs Hajj, and fights in jihad, and does everything, but in his heart he is a denier, he is a disbeliever because he is a hypocrite. This is the action of the hypocrites: . So, if he believes in his heart, this is one of the types of disbelief. Is disbelief limited to this? Yes. And likewise, if he doubts: if he doubts in Allah the Mighty and Majestic, or doubts in the existence of the angels, or doubts in the news of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), or doubts in the news of the Qur'an, saying, "I do not know, by Allah, whether it is true or not true," he is a disbeliever, may Allah protect us from that. He is ruled to be a disbeliever by doubt.