What is the meaning of the saying of Allah the Exalted: “When they pledged allegiance to you under the tree” (Surat al-Fath, verse 18)?
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Question:
This questioner asks: What is the meaning of the saying of Allah the Exalted[Al-Fath 48:18]?
Answer:
They pledged allegiance to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to die in the Battle of al-Hudaybiyyah; they pledged allegiance to him to die. When the polytheists insisted on preventing the Messenger and his Companions from performing 'Umrah, the Companions gathered and pledged allegiance to the Messenger to die and to strive in the path of Allah, and they did not return to al-Madinah. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, said:[Al-Fath 48:18-19] He, the Exalted, promised them relief and much good. Yes.
This questioner asks: What is the meaning of the saying of Allah the Exalted
when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree
إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِAnswer:
They pledged allegiance to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to die in the Battle of al-Hudaybiyyah; they pledged allegiance to him to die. When the polytheists insisted on preventing the Messenger and his Companions from performing 'Umrah, the Companions gathered and pledged allegiance to the Messenger to die and to strive in the path of Allah, and they did not return to al-Madinah. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, said:
(18) Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest (19) And much war booty which they will take
لَّقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، ما معنى قول الله تعالى ﴿إذ يبايعونك تحت الشّجرة﴾سورة الفتح 18؟ لمعالي الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.