The ruling on fasting on behalf of the deceased and dedicating its reward to them
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Question:
May Allah reward you. Abu 'Abdullah says: Shaykh Salih, regarding fasting on behalf of the deceased as a means of dedicating good deeds, what is the Shaykh's view on this?
Answer:
This has not been established, except if the deceased had an obligatory fast, such as fasting Ramadan or a vow. If he vowed to fast and died without fasting, his guardian fasts on his behalf, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said. As for dedicating the reward of fasting to the deceased, this has not been established, and it does not fall under the category of acting on behalf of another. This is not done because it is a physical act of worship, so it is not dedicated to the deceased. Yes.
May Allah reward you. Abu 'Abdullah says: Shaykh Salih, regarding fasting on behalf of the deceased as a means of dedicating good deeds, what is the Shaykh's view on this?
Answer:
This has not been established, except if the deceased had an obligatory fast, such as fasting Ramadan or a vow. If he vowed to fast and died without fasting, his guardian fasts on his behalf, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said. As for dedicating the reward of fasting to the deceased, this has not been established, and it does not fall under the category of acting on behalf of another. This is not done because it is a physical act of worship, so it is not dedicated to the deceased. Yes.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، برنامج (فتاوى) (076) لمعالي الشيخ صالح الفوزان بتاريخ [1436-01-19] - كبار العلماء — youtube.com (29:02)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.