The Criterion for Declaring Someone a Disbeliever and the Ruling on Trampling Graves

Question:
Honorable Shaykh, what is the criterion for specific takfir (declaring someone a disbeliever)? And does one who circumambulates graves and shrines become a disbeliever specifically, given that they grew up in a society that permits this?

Answer:
Whoever says words of disbelief, or acts in accordance with disbelief, or associates partners with Allah, is considered a disbeliever. The ignorant person is the one who has not heard anything, who grew up in a land to which nothing reached, who has not heard the Qur'an, has not heard the hadiths, and has not heard the words of the scholars; he is cut off from the scholars. This is the one who is considered ignorant. As for a person who lives in the lands of the Muslims, hears the Qur'an, hears the hadiths, and hears the words of the scholars, he is not considered ignorant. Yes.