What are the characteristics of the last ten days, and what did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) do in these days?
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The questioner : Honorable Shaykh, what are the characteristics of the last ten days, and how was the guidance of the Chosen One (peace and blessings be upon him) in these ten days?
The Shaykh : He (peace and blessings be upon him) used to keep the entire night awake in worship.
The questioner : O Allah, send blessings and peace upon him.
The Shaykh : And he used to perform i'tikaf (spiritual retreat in the mosque) in these last ten days, seeking out the Night of Decree.
The questioner : And in the end of Ramadan, the takbir (saying Allahu akbar): "Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, there is no god but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, and to Allah belongs all praise," from the time the entry of the month of Shawwal is confirmed until the imam arrives for the festival prayer.
The Shaykh : And likewise, giving the zakat al-fitr (the alms given at the end of Ramadan), a sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg) of food.
The questioner : To the poor.
The Shaykh : And the best time for that is the morning of the festival day, before the prayer.
The questioner : And if it is taken on the day of the festival, or on the last day of Ramadan, or on the day before that.
The Shaykh : He (peace and blessings be upon him) used to keep the entire night awake in worship.
The questioner : O Allah, send blessings and peace upon him.
The Shaykh : And he used to perform i'tikaf (spiritual retreat in the mosque) in these last ten days, seeking out the Night of Decree.
The questioner : And in the end of Ramadan, the takbir (saying Allahu akbar): "Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, there is no god but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, and to Allah belongs all praise," from the time the entry of the month of Shawwal is confirmed until the imam arrives for the festival prayer.
The Shaykh : And likewise, giving the zakat al-fitr (the alms given at the end of Ramadan), a sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg) of food.
The questioner : To the poor.
The Shaykh : And the best time for that is the morning of the festival day, before the prayer.
The questioner : And if it is taken on the day of the festival, or on the last day of Ramadan, or on the day before that.
Source
قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، 1278- ما هي خصائص العشر الأواخر وما كان النبي ﷺ يفعله في هذه الأيام؟ — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.