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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Dedication of the reward to others?

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Question : The questioner says: If I give charity and dedicate the reward of that charity to my deceased mother, will the entire reward be for her, or will it be for both me and her?

Answer : If a person gives charity on behalf of his mother, his father, or any of the Muslims, the reward of the charity belongs to the one to whom it is dedicated. As for the one who gave the charity, he receives the reward for being kind to the one for whom he gave it. This is because the man who dedicates the reward to another means that he is content for the reward of this act of worship to be for someone else. However, in reality, he is rewarded only with the reward of the one who is kind to others, and he does not get any of the specific reward of the charity, because he has dedicated it to this person. Therefore, a person should not dedicate any acts of worship to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). That is, he should not give charity in dirhams and say the reward is for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He should not recite the Qur'an and say the reward is for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He should not slaughter a sacrificial animal and say (the reward is for) the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
He should not perform Hajj and say the reward is for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Why? For two reasons. The first reason is that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is in no need of your dedication of the reward of this deed, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) already has the reward of your deeds. For he (peace and blessings be upon him) is the one who guided us to good, and the one who guides to good has a reward like that of the doer. So whatever we, the Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), do, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has a reward like ours, without anything being deducted from our rewards.
And on this basis, if you dedicate the reward to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), you have only deprived yourself of it, while the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) is in no need of that gift because of what comes to him of its reward with Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He).
As for the second aspect of why this matter is not prescribed, it is because the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), who undoubtedly love the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) more than we do, and who are undoubtedly more eager for good than we are, none of them used to perform an act of worship and dedicate its reward to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It is mentioned that the first to do this was one of the scholars in the fourth Hijri century, and that no one did it before him. And on this basis, this matter is among the religious innovations (bid'ah), namely dedicating the reward of righteous deeds to the Messenger (peace
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، لقاء[64 من 70] اهداء الثواب للغير؟!! الشيخ ابن عثيمين - مشروع كبار العلماء — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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