What is the ruling on using the miswak and perfume for the fasting person?

Question : The questioner asks: What are the views of the four schools of jurisprudence regarding the miswak and perfume during fasting, and which of these views is correct?

Answer : As for the correct view, I have knowledge of it, but as for the four schools of jurisprudence, I do not have knowledge of them.
The correct view is that using the miswak for the fasting person is a recommended practice (sunnah) at the beginning of the day and at the end of it, due to the generality of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) statement and his saying: "If it were not that I would make things difficult for my Ummah, I would have ordered you to use the miswak with every ablution." As for perfume, it is likewise permissible for the fasting person at the beginning of the day and at the end of it.
Whether the perfume is incense, oil, or something else, except that it is not permissible to sniff incense, because incense has tangible, visible particles; if one sniffs it, they rise into the inside of the nose and then to the stomach. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, indeed.