What is the ruling on the fasting of one who intended to fast after the dawn because of the confusion caused by the sound of the cannon?
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The questioner : The questioner says: Before the dawn of this day, we heard the sound of the cannon more than is customary, and it is known for fasting, which caused doubt in the hearts of many as to whether it was Ramadan or the festival. Some continued to wait for the adhan and what the imam would say. When the imam did not speak, we knew it was Ramadan. What is the ruling on the fasting of one who fasted but did not form the intention before the adhan of Fajr, but rather made it afterwards?
The Shaykh : Did you hear the cannon?
The questioner : It was natural. It was natural.
Another questioner : I.
The Shaykh : It appears that the hearing was natural, but its adhan was for the festival, and they thought it was the third [shot]. In three directions, may Allah bless you. The cannon is fired three times, but in three directions. Sometimes you may only hear it once because of the wind, as the wind and air can break the sound or push it away. So, in reality, this is negligence on the part of the man. It is obligatory for a person to be certain, and the default is that what was is as it was. If there had been anything [to indicate otherwise], the matter would have been apparent so that people would know whether to break their fast or fast. In any case, this day is considered part of Ramadan. If the end of the month had been established, the matter would have been clear.
As for the intention, if a person resolved not to fast when he heard this cannon until the adhan of Fajr, and it was delayed for a long time, and then it became clear to him after the prayer that it was not the festival, and he renewed the intention after the prayer, then he must make up this day because he erred, as the default is that what was is as it was. However, if when the adhan was called, it became clear to him that it was not Shawwal, and he formed the intention before the adhan was finished, then there is nothing wrong with that.
The Shaykh : Did you hear the cannon?
The questioner : It was natural. It was natural.
Another questioner : I.
The Shaykh : It appears that the hearing was natural, but its adhan was for the festival, and they thought it was the third [shot]. In three directions, may Allah bless you. The cannon is fired three times, but in three directions. Sometimes you may only hear it once because of the wind, as the wind and air can break the sound or push it away. So, in reality, this is negligence on the part of the man. It is obligatory for a person to be certain, and the default is that what was is as it was. If there had been anything [to indicate otherwise], the matter would have been apparent so that people would know whether to break their fast or fast. In any case, this day is considered part of Ramadan. If the end of the month had been established, the matter would have been clear.
As for the intention, if a person resolved not to fast when he heard this cannon until the adhan of Fajr, and it was delayed for a long time, and then it became clear to him after the prayer that it was not the festival, and he renewed the intention after the prayer, then he must make up this day because he erred, as the default is that what was is as it was. However, if when the adhan was called, it became clear to him that it was not Shawwal, and he formed the intention before the adhan was finished, then there is nothing wrong with that.
Source
قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، 18 - 18 - دروس وفتاوى المسجد الحرام للعام 1407 هـ - الدرس الثامن عشر - الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين — youtube.com (1:13:21)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.