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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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The number of rak'ahs in the Tarawih prayer and reconciling the practice of the Sunnah and the Companions

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Question:
May Allah reward you. Honorable Shaykh, there is a lot of questioning about the number of rak'ahs in the Tarawih prayer and how to reconcile the hadith of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not exceed eleven rak'ahs, with what is narrated from 'Umar and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) and others from the Companions and the Successors that they used to pray twenty rak'ahs.

Answer:
The matter in this is clear. Yes, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
He did not exceed eleven rak'ahs in Ramadan or in any other timeما كان يزيد في رمضان ولا في غيره على إحدى عشرة ركعة
Sahih Ibn Hibban 10:926
. But how was the prayer of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)? I mean, do we look only at the number and not at the manner? The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) would stand until his feet cracked from the length of standing. So who is the one who stands this standing? The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) stood one night, and al-Husayn ibn al-Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) stood with him. Al-Husayn, the noble Companion, stood with the Messenger, and he began with Surat al-Baqarah and finished it, reciting it all, then he concluded it, then he began with Surat al-Nisa and continued until he completed it, then he began with Surat al-Imran and continued until he completed it. Three surahs, five parts and more, in two rak'ahs. Who is the one who prays this prayer? Who recites five parts in two rak'ahs, where the bowing is like the standing and the prostration is like the standing? Who is the one who prays the prayer of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)?
I mean, we just take the number and leave the manner. The Companions, when they saw that the people could not keep up with the standing of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), to the extent that al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "I was about to sit down and leave him." Al-Husayn stood with him and could not [keep up], so he said, "I was about to sit down and leave him (peace and blessings be upon him)."
The Companions, when they saw that the people could not keep up with this, increased the number and lightened the manner, because the people could not keep up with more than this. For this reason, the Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Whoever wants to lengthen the standing, bowing, and prostration, let him decrease the number, as the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do. And whoever wants to lighten the standing, bowing, and prostration, let him increase the number, as the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) did. So all of it is Sunnah. The action of the Messenger is Sunnah, and the action of the Companions is Sunnah, by his saying (peace and blessings be upon him)
You must therefore follow my sunna and that of the rightly guided Caliphsعليكم بسنتي وسنة الخلفاء الراشدين
Mishkat al-Masabih 165Sahīh (Zubair `Aliza'i)
. So if you pray the prayer of the Messenger, this is Sunnah without doubt. And if you pray the prayer of the Caliphs in the time of 'Umar, 'Uthman, and Ali, if you pray the prayer of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, this is Sunnah, twenty rak'ahs. The matter is broad, and praise be to Allah. As for the one who says, "No, it is not permissible to increase beyond eleven rak'ahs, and this is bid'ah (religious innovation)," they say it is bid'ah. This is wrong, this is wrong. If that were the case, Abu Bakr would be an innovator, and 'Umar would be an innovator, and 'Uthman and Ali and the Companions and the Emigrants and the Helpers would be innovators, according to this bad expression. We ask Allah for safety. No, it is not bid'ah, it is not bid'ah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Whoever leads the people, let him lighten
because among them there are the old, the weak and the busy (needy having some jobs to do).فإن فيهم الكبير والضعيف وذا الحاجة
Sahih al-Bukhari 7159
." So if he prays alone, let him lengthen as much as he wishes. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray Tahajjud alone, he used to pray the night prayer alone, and when he prayed with the people, he lightened it, to the extent that if he heard the crying of a child, he lightened the prayer out of mercy for his mother. This is the Sunnah of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). But some of the brothers do not have fiqh (jurisprudence) in the texts, they do not have fiqh in the texts. They take the hadith and do not understand its meaning, nor do they compare it with other hadiths. Nor do they look at the guidance of the righteous Salaf from the Companions and the Successors. So they fell into this recklessness, which is their saying that increasing beyond eleven rak'ahs in Ramadan is bid'ah. This is recklessness, and this means that the Companions are innovators. There is no power and no strength except with Allah.
Source قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، كم عدد ركعات صلاة التراويح؟ وكيف الجمع بين الأحاديث الواردة في هذا الباب؟ للشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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