The Difference Between the Dhimmi, the Mustaa'min, the Mustaa'min, and the Harbi
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Question:
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success, what is the difference between the dhimmi, the mu'ahad, the musta'min, and the harbi?
Answer:
The dhimmi is the one who pays the jizyah. The mu'ahad is the one with whom we have a treaty, whether he is in our land or in his land; there is a treaty between us and him to put an end to the war between us, a truce. This is the mu'ahad. The musta'min is the one who enters our country with our permission; he has taken a safe conduct, entering to work, or to deliver a message, or for an embassy, or something else. This is the musta'min. Yes. As for the harbi, he is the one who has none of these things; he is not a dhimmi, nor a mu'ahad, nor a musta'min. Yes.
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success, what is the difference between the dhimmi, the mu'ahad, the musta'min, and the harbi?
Answer:
The dhimmi is the one who pays the jizyah. The mu'ahad is the one with whom we have a treaty, whether he is in our land or in his land; there is a treaty between us and him to put an end to the war between us, a truce. This is the mu'ahad. The musta'min is the one who enters our country with our permission; he has taken a safe conduct, entering to work, or to deliver a message, or for an embassy, or something else. This is the musta'min. Yes. As for the harbi, he is the one who has none of these things; he is not a dhimmi, nor a mu'ahad, nor a musta'min. Yes.
Source
الفرق بين الذمي والمعاهد والمستأمن والحربي — alfawzan.live
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.