The Ruling on Residing in the Lands of the Disbelievers
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Question:
Honorable Shaykh, is residing in a disbeliever's country permissible or not? For the sake of study or work, knowing that there is a mosque in this country where some of the prayers are performed?
Answer:
Residing in the lands of the disbelievers is not permissible, except for the oppressed who are unable to migrate. Allah the Exalted said:[An-Nisa 4:97] Their destination is [An-Nisa 4:98-99] The oppressed person who is unable to migrate may reside out of dire necessity, but he must hold fast to his religion, hold fast to his religion, and not be lax in it. This is one case.
The second case: Residing for the purpose of learning is permissible if this learning is needed by the individual or by society, and it is not available except in the lands of disbelief. In that case, it is permissible for him to reside for the duration required to learn that specialty, whether medicine or something else, and then return to his country. He resides only for the duration of the need.
Thirdly, if his residence in the lands of the disbelievers is for the sake of calling to Allah and guiding the Muslims there, or calling the disbelievers to Islam, then residing for the sake of calling to Allah the Mighty and Majestic is permissible. In these circumstances, residence is permissible, either out of dire necessity or out of pressing need. Yes.
Honorable Shaykh, is residing in a disbeliever's country permissible or not? For the sake of study or work, knowing that there is a mosque in this country where some of the prayers are performed?
Answer:
Residing in the lands of the disbelievers is not permissible, except for the oppressed who are unable to migrate. Allah the Exalted said:
Indeed, those whom the angels take [in death] while wronging themselves - [the angels] will say, "In what [condition] were you?" They will say, "We were oppressed in the land." The angels will say, "Was not the earth of Allah spacious [enough] for you to emigrate therein?" For those, their refuge is Hell - and evil it is as a destination.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَاءَتْ(98) Except for the oppressed among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan nor are they directed to a way - (99) For those it is expected that Allah will pardon them
إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا فَأُولَٰئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْThe second case: Residing for the purpose of learning is permissible if this learning is needed by the individual or by society, and it is not available except in the lands of disbelief. In that case, it is permissible for him to reside for the duration required to learn that specialty, whether medicine or something else, and then return to his country. He resides only for the duration of the need.
Thirdly, if his residence in the lands of the disbelievers is for the sake of calling to Allah and guiding the Muslims there, or calling the disbelievers to Islam, then residing for the sake of calling to Allah the Mighty and Majestic is permissible. In these circumstances, residence is permissible, either out of dire necessity or out of pressing need. Yes.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، هل تجب علينا صلاة الجماعة في المسجد إذا كان بعيدًا، وغالبًا ما يكون مغلقًا؛ لأننا ندرس في دولة كافرة — youtube.com (1:29)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.