How to distinguish between a calamity being a trial or a punishment?

Question:
May Allah reward you and bless you. This is a female questioner from Riyadh who says: Honorable Shaykh, in the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the hadith. And the question is: Does every person who is struck by a calamity indicate that Allah loves him? And how do we reconcile the one who is struck by a calamity due to sins, or the one who is struck by a calamity due to sins, since sins bring about calamities, with the one who is struck by a trial? For example, wars strike homes, or other calamities. How do we know whether this is from sins or from a trial? May Allah reward you.

Answer:
Yes, all calamities are due to sins. Allah the Exalted said: He the Exalted and Majestic said: But the calamity for the believer contains good for him, because Allah purifies his sins through it and expiates his errors through it, until he leaves the world without any sin upon him, as in the hadith: Allah’s love for the believer is that He purifies him in this world from sins, so that he reaches the Hereafter purified and enters Paradise. As for the disbeliever, Allah holds back from him and showers him with blessings as a means of luring him, because Allah does not love him, so He lures him with blessings so that he increases in disbelief and increases in sins, until he reaches the Day of Resurrection with his sins, and he will be in the Fire, may Allah protect us from that. Yes.