I seek a comprehensive explanation of the ruling on the Rafidah, the Jahmiyyah, the Mu'tazilah, and the Qadariyyah, and whether they are disbelievers?

Question:
I seek a comprehensive explanation of the ruling on the Rafidah, the Jahmiyyah, the Mu'tazilah, and the Qadariyyah, and whether they are disbelievers; because many people ask about this, and some students of knowledge say, "I do not know."

Answer:
We refer you to the books on sects. To the books on sects, such as al-Milal wa al-Nihal, and al-Firaq bi al-Firaq, and Maqalat al-Islamiyyin by al-Ash'ari. Consult them, and you will see, if Allah wills. Consult regarding the Shi'ah; consult al-Khatut al-'Ariḍah li-Madhhab al-Shi'ah by Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib. If you are in a hurry, and if you have the capacity, consult Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah by the Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, in his refutation of the Shi'ah and the Qadariyyah. Yes.
And you may also say that these are reported about them, and I do not believe them. My brother, we refer you to their books, to the books of the Rafidah. You will find therein open disbelief and the astonishing marvels that cause the heavens and the earth to split. Read in their books. See. Yes.