The ruling on exposing the navel and the knee in prayer

Question:
What is the ruling on a person who enters the state of ihram with his lower garment below the navel? And is it permissible to expose the chest in the presence of women?

Answer:
The navel is part of the awrah (the part of the body that must be covered), so he must cover it. Entering the state of ihram is not invalidated, but if he prays with the awrah exposed, with the navel visible, then his prayer is not valid, because the navel is part of the awrah. Likewise, the knee is part of the awrah, so he must cover everything from the navel to the knee; it must all be covered. It is not permissible for him to intentionally expose his navel or his knees, or one of his knees, in prayer. As for covering the shoulders, chest, and back, this is a matter of adornment; it is better, and it is part of adornment. Yes. However, if he exposes [the upper body] by placing the cloak [on his shoulders] and leaving the lower garment covering what is between the navel and the knees, then that is sufficient.