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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Making up the fast of a deceased mother

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Question:
This questioner says: My mother fasted twenty days in Ramadan when I was born, and my mother delayed making up the fast, so I fasted twenty days on her behalf when I reached puberty. Is this permissible? And what is the ruling on my mother delaying these days?

Answer:
If your mother is deceased and you fasted on her behalf, this is correct, and this is part of being dutiful to her and clearing her obligation. In the hadith,
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: If anyone dies in a state (that he had to complete) some fasts, his heir must fast on his behalf.من مات وعليه صيام صام عنه وليه،
Sahih Muslim 1147
Also, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about a person who died with fasts remaining, whether they should be fasted on his behalf? He said, Yes.
Allah is more deserving of fulfillment. When a woman asked him, her mother had died with days remaining, should she fast on her behalf? He said, Yes, make up the fast for Allah, for Allah is more deserving of making up the fast. He said, What do you think, if your mother had a debt, would you have paid it?
She said, Yes. He said, Pay off the debt to Allah, for Allah is more deserving of paying off the debt. However, if she is alive and able to fast, the fasting of another person does not suffice for her; she must fast to make up the missed days, even if she delays. And if she is unable to make up the fast, she must feed a poor person for each day, the amount being half a sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg) for each day. Yes.
Source نور على الدرب - الفوزان - 02/291 — archive.org (14:01)

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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