The ruling on one who diminishes a daughter's right in inheritance
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Question:
In some Islamic societies, there are those who diminish a daughter's right in inheritance. What is the ruling on that?
Answer:
This is one of the matters of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance (jahiliyyah). It is forbidden (haram) and an injustice. It is not permissible to prevent a female from the inheritance that Allah has assigned to her from her relatives. Allah the Exalted said:[An-Nisa 4:11] And if [An-Nisa 4:11], Allah the Exalted said: [An-Nisa 4:176], and if he has a sister, she gets half of what he left behind, [An-Nisa 4:176]. Inheritance is among the limits of Allah. Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Ahzab 33:36] and whoever transgresses His limits, He will put him into [An-Nisa 4:14].
When He mentioned inheritance, He detailed it, saying:[An-Nisa 4:13] up to His saying: [An-Nisa 4:14] to the end of the verse. Yes.
The presenter:
May Allah reward you.
In some Islamic societies, there are those who diminish a daughter's right in inheritance. What is the ruling on that?
Answer:
This is one of the matters of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance (jahiliyyah). It is forbidden (haram) and an injustice. It is not permissible to prevent a female from the inheritance that Allah has assigned to her from her relatives. Allah the Exalted said:
Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's
يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِBut if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third.
لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُThey request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]." If a man dies, leaving no child but [only] a sister, she will have half of what he left.
يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَshe will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things.
فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِّجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌAnd whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger
وَمَن يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُthe Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment.
نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌWhen He mentioned inheritance, He detailed it, saying:
These are the limits [set by] Allah, and whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger will be admitted by Him to gardens [in Paradise] under which rivers flow
تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُAnd whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits - He will put him into the Fire to abide eternally therein
وَمَن يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَاThe presenter:
May Allah reward you.
Source
نور على الدرب - الفوزان - 03/198 — archive.org (7:30)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.