The Ruling on Adoption and the Exclusion of Heirs from Inheritance
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Question:
He says: My uncle did not have any children, so he wished for sons from the Madij, and he excluded his brothers and sisters from their inheritance. What did he exclude them from?
Answer:
We seek refuge in Allah from adoption. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, has invalidated adoption. This was a practice of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance (jahiliyyah). The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) invalidated this by the command of Allah, the Exalted, as stated in Surat al-Ahzab: "Call them by their fathers' names"[Al-Ahzab 33:4-5].
He says: My brother in religion, in religion, not in lineage, my brother in religion. And your clients, if they were slaves, whether you make him your son like a son by lineage, this has been invalidated by Islam and is not permissible. It is one of the major sins, so it is not permissible. No, because it entails the prohibition of entering upon women, it entails inheritance, and it entails the exclusion of the heirs. This is not permissible; it is invalid. Yes.
He says: My uncle did not have any children, so he wished for sons from the Madij, and he excluded his brothers and sisters from their inheritance. What did he exclude them from?
Answer:
We seek refuge in Allah from adoption. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, has invalidated adoption. This was a practice of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance (jahiliyyah). The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) invalidated this by the command of Allah, the Exalted, as stated in Surat al-Ahzab: "Call them by their fathers' names"
And he has not made your adopted sons your [true] sons. That is [merely] your saying by your mouths, but Allah says the truth, and He guides to the [right] way. (5) Call them by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allah. But if you do not know their fathers - then they are [still] your brothers in religion
وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَٰلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُم بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ فَإِن لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِHe says: My brother in religion, in religion, not in lineage, my brother in religion. And your clients, if they were slaves, whether you make him your son like a son by lineage, this has been invalidated by Islam and is not permissible. It is one of the major sins, so it is not permissible. No, because it entails the prohibition of entering upon women, it entails inheritance, and it entails the exclusion of the heirs. This is not permissible; it is invalid. Yes.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، 12 من 25|دروس التفسير في الحرم المكي|تفسير سورة النساء|066-073|صالح الفوزان|كبار العلماء — youtube.com (43:43)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.