Is it permissible to perform Hajj and 'Umrah on behalf of a living person?

Question:
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success. He says: Is it permissible for me to perform Hajj or 'Umrah on behalf of my mother, who is unable to perform 'Umrah and Hajj?

Answer:
If it is an obligatory duty, a living person does not perform Hajj or 'Umrah on behalf of another. Hajj and 'Umrah are voluntary acts for the living, except for the deceased. For the deceased, there is no harm in performing Hajj and 'Umrah on his behalf, whether as an obligatory duty or a voluntary act. As for the living, one does not perform Hajj or 'Umrah on his behalf as an obligatory duty, except when he is unable to perform it himself. And one does not perform a voluntary act for him as long as he is alive. Yes. Because this has not been reported. It has not been reported that they perform 'Umrah on behalf of the living as a voluntary 'Umrah, or Hajj as a voluntary Hajj. This was only reported regarding the obligatory duty for an elderly, decrepit person or a chronically ill person who is unable to perform it. This is what the evidence indicates.