The ruling on the prayer of one who is unable to find water or is negligent in seeking a fatwa

The questioner:
His prayer is valid because he did not know the ruling of the Shari'ah. Yes. Also, if a person finds water that is sold at a high price, what should he do?

The Shaykh:
Likewise, if he is unable to obtain it, his ruling is the same as that of one who does not find water; he prays with tayammum.

The questioner:
Also, what if the water is not sufficient for all his limbs, but only for some of them?

The Shaykh:
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He uses it for some of them. For example, if it is sufficient to wash the upper half of his body or the lower half, he uses it for the lower half and performs tayammum for the rest. Or, in the case of wudu, if he needs the water for drinking but it is sufficient for him to rinse his mouth, sniff water into his nose, and wash his face and arms, he uses it and performs tayammum for the rest, provided he does not have a dire necessity for the water for drinking. As for the one who performed tayammum and... did not find water, then it was established earlier that his prayer is valid. Yes. However, there is a distinction regarding the ignorant person. If his ignorance has a clear explanation, such as one who lived in a land where there was no knowledge, or in the pre-Islamic age of ignorance where there was no knowledge, he is not ordered to repeat what has passed; he prayed without tayammum and without wudu, and he had no water. But if he had someone to ask and seek a fatwa from, and he was negligent, he must repeat the current prayer that he performed with tayammum. He performed tayammum in their presence, yet he had someone to seek a fatwa from and someone to guide him, and he did not ask. In such a case, he should repeat it; he performs tayammum and repeats the prayer, because he was negligent and did not seek a fatwa.
As for the one who has been ignorant for a period of time, the most likely view, and Allah knows best, is that he does not have to make up the missed prayers. This is like the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the women with irregular bleeding, and he did not order them to make up what they had missed due to their ignorance, but he ordered them to pray for the future. And the Bedouin who prayed while urinating, meaning he prayed in a hurried manner, was ordered to repeat the current prayer, but he was not ordered to repeat the previous prayer due to his ignorance and the lack of anyone to alert him. Yes.