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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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The ruling on one who prayed while in a state of ritual impurity and did not know about it until after the prayer

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Question:
My sons, if the grave knows that it is among the people in virtue except for the women, except that you follow the peace, do not seek

Answer:
The scholars have two opinions on this. The first opinion is that he must repeat the prayer, because he prayed while in a state of ritual impurity, and one of the conditions for the validity of the prayer is avoiding ritual impurity.
The second opinion is that he does not repeat the prayer if he did not know about the impurity until after he had finished, in which case his prayer is valid. This is the correct and stronger opinion, if Allah wills, because he did not intentionally come into contact with the impurity during the prayer, so his prayer is valid. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when he became aware of the harm in his leather socks, took off his sandals while in prayer and continued his prayer. He did not restart the prayer from the beginning, which indicates that there is an excuse in this case. This is the correct opinion, if Allah wills.
Source شرح بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام [ صالح الفوزان ]، تتمة باب شروط الصلاة — islamhouse.com (1:05:03)

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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