The Criterion for Specific Takfir and Circumambulating Graves

Question:
Honorable Shaykh, what is the criterion for specific takfir (declaring someone a disbeliever)? And does one who circumambulates graves and shrines become a disbeliever specifically, given that they grew up in a society that permits this?

Answer:
Whoever says a word of disbelief or acts with disbelief or shirk (associating partners with Allah) is considered a disbeliever and a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah). The ignorant one is the person who has not heard of anything, who grew up in a land where nothing reached them, who has not heard the Qur'an, has not heard the hadiths, and has not heard the words of the scholars of knowledge; he is cut off from the scholars. This is the one who is excused by ignorance. As for a person who lives in the lands of Muslims, hears the Qur'an, hears the hadiths, and hears the words of the scholars, he is not considered ignorant. Yes.