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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Demanding additional amounts from a delaying debtor

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Question:
Well, this questioner, Honorable Shaykh, says: If I lend someone a benevolent loan that is to be repaid within an agreed-upon period, and the borrower does not repay the loan within that period due to delay or procrastination, is it permissible to punish the delaying debtor by demanding additional amounts on top of the principal of the loan as a result of the harm suffered by the lender?

Answer:
No, it is not permissible to demand anything other than the amount itself. A loan does not have a fixed term; a loan is not deferred. Rather, whenever the borrower is able to repay it, whether after a day or at the end of the day, he repays it. There is no deferral of a loan; a loan has no deferral. Even if he transgresses, he is not to be given more. Rather, it is left to the borrower's ability. If he is able to repay after an hour, after a day, or after a month, he is required to repay it, and no increase is taken from him; he pays the amount only. Yes.
Source قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، محاضرات في العقيدة والدعوة-38-قضايا فقهية - 02|صالح الفوزان|العام|كبار العلماء — youtube.com (42:44)

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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