What is the ruling on commercial transactions with the Jews and the Christians?

Question : The brothers are innocent; they have closed off their sisters, gathering the brothers and gathering against them.

Answer : The questioner says: Allah the Mighty and Majestic said: … that you see that they have become allies of some of you, and whoever among you takes them as allies, then he is one of them. He lives in a land and has dealings with many of the Christians. You mentioned this verse, so he said: The beginning of Allah is a beginning of action, not a beginning of belief. Whoever takes them as allies with this intention becomes one of them. There is no doubt that dealing with disbelievers is permissible in principle, because it is established that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) died while his armor was pledged to a Jew for food he had bought for his family. So dealing with disbelievers in trade is not a problem, unless it includes another forbidden act, in which case it is looked into. As for the principle of dealing with disbelievers in buying and selling and the like of what Allah and His Messenger have not forbidden, the principle is that it is lawful, until evidence comes to forbid it. On this basis, we say to this brother: Your father’s dealings with the Christians in trade are not among their alliances. The alliance with Jews and Christians is for a person to support them and take them as allies; that is the alliance. As for dealing with them in buying and selling, there is nothing wrong with it.