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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Is it permissible for the pilot to shorten the prayer and pray while sitting in the cockpit?

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Question : The questioner says: I work as a pilot on a permanent basis. Is it permissible for me to pray sitting on the chair in my place of work? And is it permissible for me to shorten the prayer on a permanent basis whenever I am at work? This pilot asked about two issues. The first issue is whether it is permissible

Answer : It is permissible for him to shorten the prayer, even though he is always traveling. The second issue is whether it is permissible for him to pray sitting in the cockpit? As for the answer to the first question, he shortens the prayer because he is a traveler. The verses and hadiths regarding shortening the prayer do not specify one type of travel over another. Therefore, it is permissible for him to shorten the prayer because this man is a traveler. He has a home to return to and a family with whom he resides. So when he leaves them, he is a traveler. It is permissible for him to shorten the prayer, and it is also permissible for him to break his fast in Ramadan because he is traveling.
As for praying in the cockpit, if the prayer is voluntary, there is no blame on him for doing so. He faces the direction the plane is heading, because it is established that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to pray on his mount while travelling, whichever way it was facingصلى الله عليه وسلم أنه كان يصلي على راحلته النافلة حيث توجهت به،
Muwatta Malik 9:30
and likewise anyone who is in a plane or a car.
However, if the prayer is obligatory, it is not permissible for him to pray in this place if the plane can land at the airport before the time for the prayer ends, or before the time for the second prayer ends if the prayer that caught up with him is one that can be combined with another. If he lands at the airport during the time for the 'Asr prayer, we tell him to combine the Zuhr prayer with the 'Asr prayer so he can pray them both on the ground. But if the flight is long and it is not possible for him to land on the ground before the time for the prayer ends, then it is not permissible for him to pray in the cockpit unless there is a dire necessity, such as bad conditions where he cannot leave the cockpit because he needs to monitor the plane and its flight. In that case, we tell him: out of dire necessity, pray even if you are in your place, and do what you are able to of the obligations of the prayer, and
Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacityلَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا
[Al-Baqarah 2:286]
. But if the weather is mild and there is no danger, he must pray in a place where he can stand, bow, prostrate, sit, and face the qiblah. This is for the obligatory prayer. Yes.
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، لقاء[13من51]هل يجوز لقائد الطائرة أن يقصر وأن يصلي على كرسي القيادة جالساً؟! ابن عثيمين-كبار العلماء — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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