The Conditions for the Acceptance of Supplication and Its Obstacles
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Question:
May Allah reward you. This questioner, Abu Muhammad, sent a set of questions. He says: My brother asked me: How is it that a person makes du'a' (supplication) and it is not answered, when Allah the Exalted says in the noble verse: "Call upon Me, and I will respond to you"?
Answer:
The answer has conditions, my brother. Among them is that one supplicates to Allah with sincere devotion, free of shirk (associating partners with Allah) and calling for aid from other than Allah. One must make his supplication pure for Allah the Mighty and Majestic; this is a fundamental condition. It is also required that his food be from what is lawful, his clothing from what is lawful, and his drink from what is lawful, and that he subsist on what is lawful. If, however, he uses what is forbidden in his food, drink, and clothing, he will not be answered, as in the hadith:Sahih Muslim 1015 Also, among the obstacles to supplication is supplicating while heedless and distracted, uttering it with his tongue without holding it in his heart. In the hadith: Yes.
May Allah reward you. This questioner, Abu Muhammad, sent a set of questions. He says: My brother asked me: How is it that a person makes du'a' (supplication) and it is not answered, when Allah the Exalted says in the noble verse: "Call upon Me, and I will respond to you"?
Answer:
The answer has conditions, my brother. Among them is that one supplicates to Allah with sincere devotion, free of shirk (associating partners with Allah) and calling for aid from other than Allah. One must make his supplication pure for Allah the Mighty and Majestic; this is a fundamental condition. It is also required that his food be from what is lawful, his clothing from what is lawful, and his drink from what is lawful, and that he subsist on what is lawful. If, however, he uses what is forbidden in his food, drink, and clothing, he will not be answered, as in the hadith:
He then made a mention of a person who travels widely, his hair disheveled and covered with dust. He lifts his hand towards the sky (and thus makes the supplication): "O Lord, O Lord," whereas his diet is unlawful, his drink is unlawful, and his clothes are unlawful and his nourishment is unlawful. How can then his supplication be accepted?
الرجل يطيل السفر أشعث أغبر يا رب يا رب ومطعمه حرام ومشربه حرام وملبسه حرام فأنه يستجاب لذلك،It will not be answered if you supplicate. "Supplicate to Allah while being certain of the answer, for supplication is not answered from a heedless, distracted person."
لا يستجاب إذا دعوت ادعوا الله وأنتم موقنون بالإجابة فإن الدعاء لا يستجاب من غافل لاه.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، 7198- شروط إجابة الدعاء وموانعه - الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.