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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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What is the difference between tawhid al-uluhiyyah (oneness of worship) and tawhid al-rububiyyah (oneness of lordship)?

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Question:
We hear a lot on the radio about tawhid al-rububiyyah (oneness of lordship) and tawhid al-uluhiyyah (oneness of worship); what is the difference between them?

Answer:
Tawhid al-rububiyyah (oneness of lordship) is believing in the attributes of action that belong to Allah, such as being the Creator, the Provider, the Manager of affairs, and the Disposer of them, and so on, and that His will is effective and His power is complete. This is what the polytheists accepted; they did not deny that Allah is their Creator and Provider, the Manager of their affairs, and the Creator of the heavens and the earth. This is the oneness of Allah in His actions: that you believe that Allah is the Creator, the Provider, the Manager of affairs, and the Disposer of things, who created everything, managed the affairs, and directed them, creating the rivers, seas, mountains, trees, sky, and earth, and so forth. You are a servant of the Lord, or rather, you are a servant of Allah in your actions. Allah the Exalted is described by worship, exclusive of everything else, including prayer, fasting, supplication, vows, zakah, Hajj, and so on. This is the meaning of "La ilaha illa Allah," meaning there is no true object of worship except Allah. It means you devote your actions, your acts of worship, and your acts of drawing near to your Lord exclusively.
Do not make [as equal] with Allah another deityلَّا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ
[Al-Isra 17:22]
Do not make anything besides Him a partner, whether a tree, a stone, an idol, a prophet, or a wali (close friend of Allah). Do not call upon anyone other than Allah. Do not say, "O Sayyid al-Badawi, heal me," or "O Messenger of Allah, heal me," or "cure me," or pray or say this to any of the awliya (close friends of Allah) or other dead people, or to objects, organs, or idols. This is shirk akbar (major shirk). So the oneness of worship means restricting worship to Allah alone. It is also called tawhid al-uluhiyyah (oneness of worship), and uluhiyyah, like 'ibadah (worship), means restricting Allah with worship, exclusive of everything else. This is the meaning of His saying, the Exalted:
And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religionوَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ
[Al-Bayyinah 98:5]
His saying, the Exalted:
And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Himوَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ
[Al-Isra 17:23]
O mankind, worship your Lordيَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ
[Al-Baqarah 2:21]
And I did not create the jinnوَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ
[Adh-Dhariyat 51:56]
"And they do not worship" means they devote their worship to Allah alone: their prayer, their fasting, their supplication, their calling for aid, and their jihad, all of it is for Allah alone.
This is called establishing worship, and it is called establishing the oneness of worship (tawhid al-uluhiyyah). This was rejected by the Shaykhs of old. When they said, "Say: There is no god but Allah, except you alone," they found it abhorrent and said:
Has he made the gods [only] one God? Indeed, this is aأَجَعَلَ الْآلِهَةَ إِلَٰهًا وَاحِدًا إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَشَيْءٌ
[Sad 38:5]
. They rejected that and persisted in their arrogance and misguidance. They say that Allah is the Creator, and they say this, but despite that, they did not submit to the oneness of worship, nor did they restrict worship to Him alone, nor did they abandon the idols and statues. Therefore, they became disbelievers, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fought them and made their blood and wealth lawful because of their disbelief and their refusal to accept the oneness of worship. There is a third type of oneness, which is the oneness of the names and attributes (tawhid al-asma' wa al-sifat). This is believing in all of Allah's names and attributes that came in the Qur'an and in the authentic Sunnah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
It is necessary to believeلا بد من الإيمان
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 24:137
. It is affirming them all, because He is the Mighty, the Wise, the Merciful, and the Compassionate. He is pleased or angry, and He speaks to things. (Glorified and Exalted is He) with all His attributes. It is necessary to believe in the Qur'an and the Sunnah and affirm them for Allah (Mighty and Majestic). This is called the oneness of the names and attributes, meaning believing that Allah is One in that, One in His names and attributes, with no partner for Him. He has no partner who creates, provides, or shows mercy to the servants, so that they may be tested with Paradise and answered with the Fire. He has no partner in power. Even if He says He is over everything, He is Unique in this. (Glorified and Exalted is He). So He has no partner in His divinity, nor in His names and attributes, nor in His lordship. (Glorified and Exalted is He). He is the One in lordship, He is the One in divinity, and He is the One in names and attributes.
There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ
[Ash-Shuraa 42:11]
. Do you know if He has a like?
Nor is there to Him any equivalent."وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
[Al-Ikhlas 112:4]
? So do not set forth for Us any examples. Indeed, Allah knows, and there are many examples. All His names are beautiful, and all His attributes are exalted, and all are true, established for Him. And He, (Glorified and Exalted is He), is described with them truly, not figuratively. So it is necessary to affirm them for Allah and to affirm them as He affirmed them, and to believe in them and that they are the truth for the name of Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), and that He is unlike anything in that. He is the One, (Glorified and Exalted is He).
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ ابن باز Alsheikh Binbaz»، 038 ما الفرق بين توحيد الألوهية وتوحيد الربوبية؟ للإمام ابن باز — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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