When do we begin fasting? Do we begin it after seeing the crescent moon, or by the calculations of the scholars?

Question:
When do we begin fasting? Do we begin it after seeing the crescent moon, or by the calculations of the scholars?

Answer:
Fasting is tied to the crescent moon, not to calculations. It is by the sighting. By the crescent moon, the sighting of the crescent moon, not by astronomical calculations.
And break your fast upon its sighting. If it is obscured from you, then estimate for it. In another narration, it says, "Complete the count of Sha'ban as thirty days." So he commanded fasting by one of two signs, with the sighting of the crescent moon being the first, where one sees it, even if it is only one Muslim. The second sign is completing Sha'ban as thirty days.
Likewise at the end of the month. We establish the festival by the sighting of the crescent moon or by completing Ramadan as thirty days if the crescent moon is not seen. As for calculations, they have no place in the rulings of the Shari'ah in this matter. Because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) tied our fasting to the sighting and did not tie it to calculations. Yes.