How does one pray if he did not catch the Friday prayer?
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The questioner : The questioner says: If a person did not catch the Friday prayer, does he pray it as Zuhr or as Jumu'ah? Some of the shaykhs told us that he should pray it as Jumu'ah, meaning two rak'ahs, but we have reservations about that. We ask you, out of your kindness, to clarify this for us with evidence. May Allah reward you for that.
The Shaykh : We say that if a person misses the Friday prayer, he prays it as Zuhr. This is because the Friday prayer is named so because of the gathering of people for it. If this gathering is missed, the name is lost and it is no longer Jumu'ah. What remains for us is the obligatory prayer of that time, and the obligatory prayer of that time is Zuhr. For this reason, we say that it is obligatory for a person who does not catch even one rak'ah of the Friday prayer to make it up as Zuhr; he prays it as Zuhr. However, if he catches one rak'ah of the Friday prayer, he adds another rak'ah to it, and his Jumu'ah is completed. The reasoning, as you mentioned earlier, is that Jumu'ah is the prayer that gathers the people. There are also athar (reports from the Companions or successors) stating that it remains Zuhr.
The Shaykh : We say that if a person misses the Friday prayer, he prays it as Zuhr. This is because the Friday prayer is named so because of the gathering of people for it. If this gathering is missed, the name is lost and it is no longer Jumu'ah. What remains for us is the obligatory prayer of that time, and the obligatory prayer of that time is Zuhr. For this reason, we say that it is obligatory for a person who does not catch even one rak'ah of the Friday prayer to make it up as Zuhr; he prays it as Zuhr. However, if he catches one rak'ah of the Friday prayer, he adds another rak'ah to it, and his Jumu'ah is completed. The reasoning, as you mentioned earlier, is that Jumu'ah is the prayer that gathers the people. There are also athar (reports from the Companions or successors) stating that it remains Zuhr.
Source
دروس وفتاوى المسجد الحرام لعام 1402هـ - 10 — binothaimeen.net (1:18:58)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.
