What is the ruling on one who prostrated one prostration in error and concluded the prayer thinking he had completed it?
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Question:
I led the prayer, and in the last rak'ah I prostrated only once, then recited the tashahhud and concluded the prayer. After the taslim, the ma'mum said, "We did not prostrate except once." So I said takbir and prostrated, then concluded the prayer, and then I performed the prostration for forgetfulness. Is my action valid?
Answer:
This is deficient. It was obligatory for you to prostrate the second prostration, then recite the final tashahhud after it, and then conclude the prayer. Because you left two pillars: the second prostration and the final tashahhud. If you did this and did not recite the final tashahhud, you must repeat the prayer in its entirety, and those behind you must repeat the prayer, because you left a pillar of the prayer.
I led the prayer, and in the last rak'ah I prostrated only once, then recited the tashahhud and concluded the prayer. After the taslim, the ma'mum said, "We did not prostrate except once." So I said takbir and prostrated, then concluded the prayer, and then I performed the prostration for forgetfulness. Is my action valid?
Answer:
This is deficient. It was obligatory for you to prostrate the second prostration, then recite the final tashahhud after it, and then conclude the prayer. Because you left two pillars: the second prostration and the final tashahhud. If you did this and did not recite the final tashahhud, you must repeat the prayer in its entirety, and those behind you must repeat the prayer, because you left a pillar of the prayer.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، ما حكم من سجد سجدة واحدة سهوا، وسلم ظنا منه أنه أتم صلاته؟ للشيخ الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.