Is it permissible for a traveler to combine and shorten prayers in his apartment when the mosque is next door?
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Question:
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success, does a traveler shorten and combine the prayer while he is in his apartment or by the sea, and the mosque is next door?
Answer:
If he can hear the call to prayer, it is not permissible for him to pray in his apartment. Even if he is a traveler, he must respond to the call, pray with the people, and complete the prayer with them. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The one who hears the call to prayer is not excused from attending and praying with the Muslims, even if he is a traveler. Yes.
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success, does a traveler shorten and combine the prayer while he is in his apartment or by the sea, and the mosque is next door?
Answer:
If he can hear the call to prayer, it is not permissible for him to pray in his apartment. Even if he is a traveler, he must respond to the call, pray with the people, and complete the prayer with them. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever hears the call to prayer and does not respond, he has no prayer, or whoever does not come to it, he has no prayer except one who has an excuse. It was said: What is the excuse? He said: Fear or illness.
من سمع النداء فلم يجب فلا صلاة له أو فلم يأته فلا صلاة له إلا من عذر قيل وما العذر؟ قال خوف أو مرض
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، [353 /641] هل للمسافر الجمع والقصر في شقته والمسجد بجواره..؟ الشيخ صالح الوفزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.