What is the ruling on one who does not fulfill his vow?
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Question:
The questioner says: I made a vow about ten years ago to fast on Mondays and Thursdays, but I did not fulfill the vow. What is the ruling?
Answer:
It is obligatory for you to make up the Mondays and Thursdays you left behind in past years. You must make them up, and you owe an expiation for an oath for every Monday and Thursday. Why did you not carry it out? If a vow is a vow of obedience, it must be fulfilled. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 6696 The Exalted described the righteous ones: [Al-Insan 76:7]. And He, Mighty and Majestic, said: [Al-Baqarah 2:270] The Exalted said: [Al-Hajj 22:29] "that they may fulfill their vows." This is a command. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It is the name of a place. When they asked for details, he asked: "Is there an idol from the idols of the pre-Islamic age in it? Is there a festival in it?" They said: "No, O Messenger of Allah, there is no idol in it and there is no festival in it." He said: "Fulfill your vow." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fulfill your vow." If a person makes a vow of obedience, it is not permissible for him to leave it; rather, he must carry it out. Yes.
The questioner says: I made a vow about ten years ago to fast on Mondays and Thursdays, but I did not fulfill the vow. What is the ruling?
Answer:
It is obligatory for you to make up the Mondays and Thursdays you left behind in past years. You must make them up, and you owe an expiation for an oath for every Monday and Thursday. Why did you not carry it out? If a vow is a vow of obedience, it must be fulfilled. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever vows that he will be obedient to Allah, should remain obedient to Him
من نذر أن يطيع الله فليطعهThey [are those who] fulfill [their] vows and fear a Day whose evil will be widespread.
يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًاAnd whatever you spend of expenditures or make of vows - indeed, Allah knows of it
وَمَا أَنفَقْتُم مِّن نَّفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُم مِّن نَّذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُfulfill their vows and perform Tawaf around the ancient House."
وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِTo the one who asked him to release him from a vow to slaughter camels at Bawān
للذي ساله ان ينحل ان ينحر ابلا ببوانه
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، ما حكم من لم يوف بنذره؟ للشيخ الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.