A reading from Ibn 'Aqil's commentary (may Allah have mercy on him): from his statement, with the Shaykh's commentary on it: " .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : All right, let us not read the commentary on these two verses, because we want to see the evidence. Do you have the commentary?
The reader: He said, may Allah have mercy on him, the Exalted ... .
The Shaykh : And they are raised.
The reader: His statement, may Allah have mercy on him, the Exalted: " The third: that it be a hidden pronoun explained by an indefinite noun following it, in the accusative case as a specification (tamyiz), such as 'How good a people are his companions' (na'ma qawman ma'ashirahu). In 'na'ma' there is a hidden pronoun explained by 'qawman' (people), and 'ma'ashirahu' (his companions) is the subject (mubtada'). Some claimed that 'ma'ashirahu' is in the nominative case due to 'na'ma' and is the subject (fa'il), and that there is no pronoun in it. Some of these said: that 'qawman' is a circumstantial phrase (hal), and some: that it is a specification (tamyiz). Similar to 'How good a people are his companions' is the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Kahf 18:50] And the saying of the poet:
How good a refuge is the master when you fear *** The wrath of the oppressor and the dominance of the wrongdoer.
And the saying of the other:
My wife says, and she is in her prime for me, *** Wretched is a woman, and I am a wretched man ".
The Shaykh : I seek refuge in Allah.
The reader: " And the combination of a specification (tamyiz) and a subject (fa'il) has appeared *** In it, a disagreement about them has become well-known.
The grammarians differed on the permissibility of combining a specification (tamyiz) and an explicit subject (fa'il) in 'na'ma' and its sisters. Some said: that this is not permissible, and this is what is transmitted from Sibawayhi, so do not say 'How good a man is a man, Zayd.' And some went to the permissibility and cited as evidence his saying:
And the Taghlibis, wretched is the stallion, their stallion *** Is a stallion, and their mother is a stumbling mare that speaks ".
The Shaykh : Or 'manṭiqi' (speaking, genitive)?
The reader: " And their mother is a stumbling mare that speaks ".
The Shaykh : In the nominative case for you?
The reader: Yes.
The Shaykh : What is its grammatical analysis? I think it is with the kasrah (genitive).
The reader: What is the meaning of 'zala' (stumbling)?
The student: 'Zala' is a predicate ... 'Manṭiq' (speaking) is a description of 'zala' or a second predicate.
The Shaykh : Strange. I know that 'zala' manṭiq' means that she stumbles in her speech.
The reader: ... .
The Shaykh : 'Zala' is a second predicate. A second predicate is better. Yes.
The reader: And his saying:
" Take provisions like your father's provisions among us *** So how good a provision is your father's provision, a provision.
And some distinguished, saying: If the specification (tamyiz) provides a benefit added to the subject (fa'il), then combining them is permissible, such as 'How good a man is a horseman, Zayd.' Otherwise, it is not, such as 'How good a man is a man, Zayd.' If the subject (fa'il) is a hidden pronoun, then combining it with the specification (tamyiz) is permissible by consensus, such as 'How good a man is Zayd.'
And 'ma' is a specification, and it is said to be a subject (fa'il) *** In the case of ".
The Shaykh : And what?
The reader: " And 'ma' is a specification, and it is said to be a subject (fa'il) *** In the case of 'How good is what the distinguished one says'
'Ma' occurs after 'na'ma' and 'baysa' (wretched), so you say: 'na'ma ma' or 'na'ima', and 'baysa ma'. Among this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:271] And the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Al-Baqarah 2:90].
And they differed on this 'ma'. Some said: it is an indefinite noun in the accusative case as a specification (tamyiz), and the subject (fa'il) of 'na'ma' is a hidden pronoun. And it is said: it is the subject (fa'il) and it is a definite noun. This is the view of Ibn Khuruf, and he attributed it to Sibawayhi ".
The Shaykh : Okay?
The reader: He said, may Allah have mercy on him, the Exalted ... .
The Shaykh : And they are raised.
The reader: His statement, may Allah have mercy on him, the Exalted: " The third: that it be a hidden pronoun explained by an indefinite noun following it, in the accusative case as a specification (tamyiz), such as 'How good a people are his companions' (na'ma qawman ma'ashirahu). In 'na'ma' there is a hidden pronoun explained by 'qawman' (people), and 'ma'ashirahu' (his companions) is the subject (mubtada'). Some claimed that 'ma'ashirahu' is in the nominative case due to 'na'ma' and is the subject (fa'il), and that there is no pronoun in it. Some of these said: that 'qawman' is a circumstantial phrase (hal), and some: that it is a specification (tamyiz). Similar to 'How good a people are his companions' is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Wretched it is for the wrongdoers as an exchange.
بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلاًHow good a refuge is the master when you fear *** The wrath of the oppressor and the dominance of the wrongdoer.
And the saying of the other:
My wife says, and she is in her prime for me, *** Wretched is a woman, and I am a wretched man ".
The Shaykh : I seek refuge in Allah.
The reader: " And the combination of a specification (tamyiz) and a subject (fa'il) has appeared *** In it, a disagreement about them has become well-known.
The grammarians differed on the permissibility of combining a specification (tamyiz) and an explicit subject (fa'il) in 'na'ma' and its sisters. Some said: that this is not permissible, and this is what is transmitted from Sibawayhi, so do not say 'How good a man is a man, Zayd.' And some went to the permissibility and cited as evidence his saying:
And the Taghlibis, wretched is the stallion, their stallion *** Is a stallion, and their mother is a stumbling mare that speaks ".
The Shaykh : Or 'manṭiqi' (speaking, genitive)?
The reader: " And their mother is a stumbling mare that speaks ".
The Shaykh : In the nominative case for you?
The reader: Yes.
The Shaykh : What is its grammatical analysis? I think it is with the kasrah (genitive).
The reader: What is the meaning of 'zala' (stumbling)?
The student: 'Zala' is a predicate ... 'Manṭiq' (speaking) is a description of 'zala' or a second predicate.
The Shaykh : Strange. I know that 'zala' manṭiq' means that she stumbles in her speech.
The reader: ... .
The Shaykh : 'Zala' is a second predicate. A second predicate is better. Yes.
The reader: And his saying:
" Take provisions like your father's provisions among us *** So how good a provision is your father's provision, a provision.
And some distinguished, saying: If the specification (tamyiz) provides a benefit added to the subject (fa'il), then combining them is permissible, such as 'How good a man is a horseman, Zayd.' Otherwise, it is not, such as 'How good a man is a man, Zayd.' If the subject (fa'il) is a hidden pronoun, then combining it with the specification (tamyiz) is permissible by consensus, such as 'How good a man is Zayd.'
And 'ma' is a specification, and it is said to be a subject (fa'il) *** In the case of ".
The Shaykh : And what?
The reader: " And 'ma' is a specification, and it is said to be a subject (fa'il) *** In the case of 'How good is what the distinguished one says'
'Ma' occurs after 'na'ma' and 'baysa' (wretched), so you say: 'na'ma ma' or 'na'ima', and 'baysa ma'. Among this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
If you disclose your charitable expenditures, they are good
إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَHow wretched is that for which they sold themselves
بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْAnd they differed on this 'ma'. Some said: it is an indefinite noun in the accusative case as a specification (tamyiz), and the subject (fa'il) of 'na'ma' is a hidden pronoun. And it is said: it is the subject (fa'il) and it is a definite noun. This is the view of Ibn Khuruf, and he attributed it to Sibawayhi ".
The Shaykh : Okay?