Is the Sacrificed One Isma'il or Ishaq, and the Ruling on the Hadith of Intercession
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The questioner:
In verification of what you have graciously mentioned regarding the righteous, the following issue is cited, and it is stated that it appeared in that book. It says: We know that the sacrificed one is Isma'il ibn Ibrahim (peace be upon him), but this book mentions that there is a disagreement among the Muslim imams regarding the sacrificed one. Some of them say it is Isma'il, and the other group says it is Ishaq. The imams who said it is Ishaq ibn Ibrahim (peace be upon him) cited the following hadith from al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ishaq will intercede after me. He will say: 'O my Lord, You have honored Your prophet, and I sacrificed my soul for the slaughter. So do not let enter the Fire anyone who does not associate anything with You.' Allah will say: 'By My Majesty, I will not let enter the Fire anyone who does not associate anything with You.'" So, please clarify the status of this hadith and its degree of authenticity, and clarify who is the one who protects you? May Allah reward you with good.
The Shaykh:
As for the hadith, it is valid. It came in the authentic hadiths that Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) does not punish anyone who does not associate anything with Him, as in the hadithSunan Ibn Majah 4296Sahih (Darussalam) Sahih Muslim 30b.
The hadith is established in the Sahih. Likewise, his saying (peace and blessings be upon him)Sahih Muslim 93a. And other hadiths that indicate that whoever is safe from shirk (associating partners with Allah) is promised entry into Paradise. If he is safe from other sins, there is no doubt that he will enter Paradise immediately, by the grace of Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), in accordance with the promise of Allah, for Allah does not break His promise. This is regarding the right of tawhid (the oneness of Allah), meaning he is safe from sins and disobedience. As for the one who has sins and disobedience other than shirk, and not among the major sins, he is under the will of Allah. He is exposed to it, and if Allah wills, He will forgive him and let him enter Paradise immediately. If He wills, He will punish him in the Fire, then he will come out of the Fire and enter Paradise, because he is a monotheist from the people of tawhid. This is the detail in this issue.
As for the one who was sacrificed, yes, the scholars differed in identifying him. The majority hold that it was Isma'il (peace be upon him), because Isma'il is the elder, and whenever Allah (Exalted and Majestic is He) mentions Ibrahim, He mentions Isma'il after him, which indicates that he is the eldest son. Some scholars held that it was Ishaq, because the one who was sacrificed was Ishaq. The correct view is the first one, that the one who was sacrificed was Isma'il (peace be upon him), based on many pieces of evidence. Among them is that in the Surah of the Lament, when the story of the one who was sacrificed was mentioned, when he swallowed water[As-Saffat 37:102] no [As-Saffat 37:102], so plot against me, O Allah, from among the patient ones, when he submitted and prostrated his forehead, and We called out to him, saying, "O Ibrahim, you have verified the vision. Thus do We reward the doers of good. Indeed, this was a clear trial. And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice. We left for him [a mention] among the later generations. Peace upon Ibrahim. Thus do We reward the doers of good. Indeed, he was among Our believing servants." Then He said, "And We gave him good news of Ishaq, a prophet, and of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." When He finished the story of the one who was sacrificed.
And He said[As-Saffat 37:112], which is more indicative that the prophet was Isma'il (peace be upon him). Yes, the good news came with the like of what came with Isma'il, and the good news came with Ishaq, as He, the Exalted, said, "And We gave him good news of Ishaq" [Hud 11:71]. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah used this verse as evidence that the one who was sacrificed was Isma'il, in the sense that He said, "And after Ishaq, Ya'qub," informing that he would be born to him, that a child would be born to Ishaq, and that child is Ya'qub. If he had been the one born to him, it would not have been fitting that a child be born to him while he is being slaughtered, or as Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, mentioned.
The questioner:
May Allah reward you with good. If Shaykh Salih, how do you direct this phrase mentioned in this hadith? It says: "O my Lord, You have honored Your prophet, and I came with my soul for the slaughter."
The Shaykh:
The hadith needs to be looked into, and needs to be verified. If this hadith contradicts the other hadiths and other proofs that the Messiah is Isma'il, then also we do not know about the wording of this hadith. I do not know the wording of this hadith, but it contradicts the authentic hadiths that indicate that the Messiah is Isma'il. So it is a matter of movement, so there is a need to look into it, and Allah knows best. May Allah reward you with good.
In verification of what you have graciously mentioned regarding the righteous, the following issue is cited, and it is stated that it appeared in that book. It says: We know that the sacrificed one is Isma'il ibn Ibrahim (peace be upon him), but this book mentions that there is a disagreement among the Muslim imams regarding the sacrificed one. Some of them say it is Isma'il, and the other group says it is Ishaq. The imams who said it is Ishaq ibn Ibrahim (peace be upon him) cited the following hadith from al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ishaq will intercede after me. He will say: 'O my Lord, You have honored Your prophet, and I sacrificed my soul for the slaughter. So do not let enter the Fire anyone who does not associate anything with You.' Allah will say: 'By My Majesty, I will not let enter the Fire anyone who does not associate anything with You.'" So, please clarify the status of this hadith and its degree of authenticity, and clarify who is the one who protects you? May Allah reward you with good.
The Shaykh:
As for the hadith, it is valid. It came in the authentic hadiths that Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) does not punish anyone who does not associate anything with Him, as in the hadith
O Mu’adh, do you know what Allah’s right over His slaves is and what His slaves’ right over Allah is?’ I said: ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’ He said: ‘The right of Allah over His slaves is that they should worship Him and not associate anything with Him. And the
معاذ قال يا معاذ أتدري ما حق الله على العباد؟ وما حق العباد على الله؟ قلت الله ورسوله أعلم، قال فإن حق الله على العباد أن يعبدوه ولا يشركوا به شيئا، وحقthe right of His bondsmen over Allah, Glorious and Sublime, is that He does not punish him who associates not anything with Him
العباد على الله ألا يعذب من لا يشرك به شيئاThe hadith is established in the Sahih. Likewise, his saying (peace and blessings be upon him)
He who dies without associating anyone with Allah would (necessarily) enter Paradise and he who dies associating anything with Allah would enter the (Fire of) Hell.
من مات لا يشرك بالله شيئا دخل الجنة. ومن مات يشرك بالله شيئا دخل النارAs for the one who was sacrificed, yes, the scholars differed in identifying him. The majority hold that it was Isma'il (peace be upon him), because Isma'il is the elder, and whenever Allah (Exalted and Majestic is He) mentions Ibrahim, He mentions Isma'il after him, which indicates that he is the eldest son. Some scholars held that it was Ishaq, because the one who was sacrificed was Ishaq. The correct view is the first one, that the one who was sacrificed was Isma'il (peace be upon him), based on many pieces of evidence. Among them is that in the Surah of the Lament, when the story of the one who was sacrificed was mentioned, when he swallowed water
[the age of] exertion, he said, "O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I [must] sacrifice you, so see what
السَّعْيَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي أَرَىٰ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ فَانظُرْ مَاذَاwhat you think." He said, "O my father, do as you are commanded
تَرَىٰ قَالَ يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُAnd He said
And We gave him good tidings of Isaac, a prophet from among the righteous.
وَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ نَبِيًّا مِّنَ الصَّالِحِينَAnd his Wife was standing, and she smiled. Then We gave her good tidings of Isaac and after Isaac, Jacob.
وَامْرَأَتُهُ قَائِمَةٌ فَضَحِكَتْ فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِن وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَThe questioner:
May Allah reward you with good. If Shaykh Salih, how do you direct this phrase mentioned in this hadith? It says: "O my Lord, You have honored Your prophet, and I came with my soul for the slaughter."
The Shaykh:
The hadith needs to be looked into, and needs to be verified. If this hadith contradicts the other hadiths and other proofs that the Messiah is Isma'il, then also we do not know about the wording of this hadith. I do not know the wording of this hadith, but it contradicts the authentic hadiths that indicate that the Messiah is Isma'il. So it is a matter of movement, so there is a need to look into it, and Allah knows best. May Allah reward you with good.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، ما رأيكم بكتاب العرائص لابن إسحاق الثعلبي وما صحة الحديث (يشفع إسحق بعدي فيقول يارب صدقت...)؟ — youtube.com (1:06)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.
