Many Oaths and Vows: How to Expiate for Them and How to Fast for Oaths Not Fulfilled?
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Question:
First, you ask about having many oaths and vows, and how to expiate for them, even though they are on the tip of her tongue as you say, and how to fast for the oaths she did not fulfill? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and his Companions. As for these oaths and vows, if she did not intend to make them, but they just slip off her tongue without the intention of making them, then they are from the idle talk for which there is no consequence, as Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Ma'idah 5:89] These are vows and oaths that are not binding because she did not intend to make them. However, if she intended to make the vow and the oath, then if the vow is a vow of obedience, it is obligatory to fulfill it, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Sahih al-Bukhari 6696 and based on the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And let them fulfill their vows," and His saying: "They fulfill their vows," and His saying: [Al-Baqarah 2:270] Therefore, it is obligatory to fulfill a vow of obedience.
As for an oath by Allah the Mighty and Majestic or by one of His attributes, if she intended to make it regarding a possible future matter and then violated it voluntarily while remembering her oath, then the expiation becomes obligatory upon her. This is as Allah the Exalted explained:[Al-Ma'idah 5:89] freeing a slave. So whoever does not find one, then fasting for three days. That is the expiation for your oaths when you swear. So she owes an expiation for every oath she swore, except if these repeated oaths are on one single thing, on one single matter sworn upon, and she repeated them before expiating, then one expiation is obligatory upon her for all of them. Yes.
First, you ask about having many oaths and vows, and how to expiate for them, even though they are on the tip of her tongue as you say, and how to fast for the oaths she did not fulfill? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and his Companions. As for these oaths and vows, if she did not intend to make them, but they just slip off her tongue without the intention of making them, then they are from the idle talk for which there is no consequence, as Allah the Exalted said:
Allah will not impose blame upon you for what is meaningless in your oaths, but He will impose blame upon you for [breaking] what you intended of oaths.
لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا عَقَّدتُّمُ الْأَيْمَانَWhoever vows that he will be obedient to Allah, should remain obedient to Him
من نذر أن يطيع الله فليطعه،And whatever you spend of expenditures or make of vows - indeed, Allah knows of it
وَمَا أَنفَقْتُم مِّن نَّفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُم مِّن نَّذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُAs for an oath by Allah the Mighty and Majestic or by one of His attributes, if she intended to make it regarding a possible future matter and then violated it voluntarily while remembering her oath, then the expiation becomes obligatory upon her. This is as Allah the Exalted explained:
the feeding of ten needy people from the average of that which you feed your [own] families or clothing them or
إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ أَوْ
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، كثيرة الأيمان والنذور كيف تكفر عن ذلك وكيف يكون الصيام عن الأيمان التي لم تف بها؟ الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.