The Ruling on Repeating 'Umrah and Tamattu' on Behalf of Others, and the Miqat of al-Tan'eem

Question:
Honorable Shaykh, there has been a lot of questioning about repeating 'Umrah in a single journey, and whether there is a Sunnah to follow in this. There has also been a lot of questioning about al-Tan'eem, and whether it is the miqat for everyone who wants to repeat 'Umrah. There is also questioning about performing 'Umrah on behalf of a deceased relative. May Allah reward you with good.

Answer:
Yes, repeating 'Umrah is permissible; repeating 'Umrah is permissible, and there is no harm in it. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) repeated it during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). She entered the state of ihram for tamattu', combining 'Umrah with Hajj, but menstruation came upon her before she could complete the 'Umrah. She was prevented from performing the 'Umrah for which she had entered ihram because menstruation had come upon her, and she waited.
She waited until Hajj arrived on the Day of Tarwiyah, and she was unable to perform the 'Umrah. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered her to enter the state of ihram for Hajj and include the 'Umrah with it, so that she would become one performing qiran between Hajj and 'Umrah. She performed one tawaf for both Hajj and 'Umrah, and one sa'y for both Hajj and 'Umrah. She brought the 'Umrah along with the Hajj; this was the 'Umrah. But she (may Allah be pleased with her) was not satisfied; she wanted to perform an independent 'Umrah. So she asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and persisted with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), even though the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had explained to her that her tawaf of the House and her sa'y between Hajj and 'Umrah were sufficient—her sa'y between al-Safa and al-Marwah, her tawaf and her sa'y were sufficient for her 'Umrah and her Hajj. But she was not satisfied and wanted to perform an independent 'Umrah. So when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw her persistence and her desire to perform an independent 'Umrah, he ordered her brother, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, to take her to al-Tan'eem, because it is the nearest part of al-Hill, the closest part of al-Hill, and to enter the state of ihram from al-Tan'eem for 'Umrah after Hajj. So she entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah after Hajj and performed it. Thus, she performed two 'Umrahs: one with the Hajj, and one independent 'Umrah after the Hajj. This indicates the permissibility of repeating 'Umrah. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said in the hadith: This indicates repeating 'Umrah. And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: So repeating 'Umrah is permissible, except that the scholars hold that there must be a time difference between the two 'Umrahs. One does not repeat 'Umrah in a close time frame, but rather there should be a time difference between them, even if slight. This is the best, otherwise the permissibility remains; it is permissible.
You may perform 'Umrah for yourself and for others; there is no harm in that. You may perform 'Umrah for a deceased person, because this is an increase of good for him. You may perform 'Umrah for the one who is unable to attend, who cannot perform Hajj and cannot perform 'Umrah, and whose inability is continuous, such as the very old person or the chronically ill person. There is no harm in performing 'Umrah and Hajj on his behalf. As for the healthy, strong person who is able to perform Hajj himself and able to perform 'Umrah himself, you do not perform Hajj or 'Umrah on his behalf; rather, he performs Hajj for himself and 'Umrah for himself. As for al-Tan'eem, it is not necessary for a person to enter the state of ihram from al-Tan'eem. He enters the state of ihram from al-Hill, from any direction of al-Hill. He enters the state of ihram from 'Arafah, he enters the state of ihram from al-Ja'ranah, he enters the state of ihram from al-Tan'eem. The important thing is that he goes outside the Haram and enters the state of ihram for 'Umrah from any of the directions. But the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) specified al-Tan'eem because it is the closest of the boundaries of the Haram, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) always seeks to make things easy. So he had Aisha perform 'Umrah from al-Tan'eem because this is easier and closer. If a person goes to another place in al-Hill and enters the state of ihram from there, there is no harm. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the state of ihram from al-Ja'ranah when he came from Hunayn. He came to Makkah from Hunayn and entered the state of ihram from al-Ja'ranah because it was on his way in entering Makkah.