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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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What is the ruling on performing righteous deeds and dedicating their reward to the deceased?

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Question : No, does recitation count? This is what I mean, do you intend the reward? The reward generally.

Answer : Yes, this is a matter in which scholars differ.
And that there is not for man except that [good] for which he strivesوَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلْإِنسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَىٰ
[An-Najm 53:39]
They said this is general, but it is restricted to what the Sunnah brought, such as charity on behalf of the deceased, fasting for him, Hajj, and freeing a slave, and nothing else reaches him. Their evidence is clear:
And that there is not for man except that [good] for which he strivesوَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلْإِنسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَىٰ
[An-Najm 53:39]
[a person] has nothing but what he has earned. Then the hadiths come in specific cases that restrict this generality. Some scholars say that this is general, and that the saying of Allah the Exalted:
And that there is not for man except that [good] for which he strivesوَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلْإِنسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَىٰ
[An-Najm 53:39]
means that a person does not deserve anything from the effort of another, but if the other person wants to bestow a favor upon him, there is no harm. They answered regarding the specific cases that were mentioned by saying they are cases of specific individuals, and we do not know if the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) would permit others if they occurred. On both opinions, it is not befitting for a person to perform righteous deeds for the deceased, whatever they may be. That is, it is not prescribed and it is not required. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked if anything remained of dutifulness to parents after their death, he did not mention righteous deeds, but only mentioned supplication. And when
said, "When a man dies, his deeds come to an end, except for three: A continuous charity, knowledge by which people derive benefitقال اذا مات الانسان انقطع عمله الا من ثلاث صدقه جاريه او علم ينتفع به
Riyad as-Salihin 949
he said regarding the third, or it was reported that a righteous child prays for him, he did not say "or a righteous child performs deeds for him," even though the context is a context of action. This indicates that what people are accustomed to today, dedicating many voluntary deeds to the deceased, is undoubtedly not from the guidance of the righteous Salaf. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) stated this explicitly, that this is not from the guidance of the righteous Salaf, and this is the truth.
You have your righteous deeds for yourself, and a day will come when you wish you had more good deeds. As for the deceased, the door that is recommended, or whose entering is recommended, is supplication.
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، 241 - 332 ما حكم عمل الأعمال الصالحة وإهداء ثوابها للميت؟ الفتاوى الثلاثية - ابن عثيمين — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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