Is the scholarly consensus (ijma') referred to to the agreement of the majority on a matter of religion?
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The questioner:
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success. The scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) derived the binding nature of scholarly consensus (ijma') from the saying of Allah, the Exalted:[An-Nisa 4:115]. Is the consensus referred to the agreement of the majority on a matter of religion? And how is that if the truth is with the minority?
The Shaykh:
Consensus is the consensus of the recognized scholars, the consensus of the recognized scholars. It is divided into two types: definitive consensus and presumptive consensus. Presumptive consensus is what they call silent consensus. As for definitive consensus, it is consensus on the names and attributes; this is definitive that they agreed to affirm them and not to interpret them figuratively. This is definitive consensus. They also agreed on the issues of faith; this is definitive consensus without doubt. Consensus varies, and the verse is evidence that whoever opposes the consensus has followed a path other than that of the believers. As for presumptive consensus, it is possible that some of those who remained silent did not agree with this matter. It is possible. Yes.
The questioner:
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success. What does that mean?
The Shaykh:
They said it is presumptive because it is possible that the one who remained silent did not approve of this matter, or that it did not reach him, or that he was not informed of this issue. Silence does not indicate a legal position. Yes.
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success. The scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) derived the binding nature of scholarly consensus (ijma') from the saying of Allah, the Exalted:
And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him
وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَىٰThe Shaykh:
Consensus is the consensus of the recognized scholars, the consensus of the recognized scholars. It is divided into two types: definitive consensus and presumptive consensus. Presumptive consensus is what they call silent consensus. As for definitive consensus, it is consensus on the names and attributes; this is definitive that they agreed to affirm them and not to interpret them figuratively. This is definitive consensus. They also agreed on the issues of faith; this is definitive consensus without doubt. Consensus varies, and the verse is evidence that whoever opposes the consensus has followed a path other than that of the believers. As for presumptive consensus, it is possible that some of those who remained silent did not agree with this matter. It is possible. Yes.
The questioner:
He says: Honorable Shaykh, may Allah grant you success. What does that mean?
The Shaykh:
They said it is presumptive because it is possible that the one who remained silent did not approve of this matter, or that it did not reach him, or that he was not informed of this issue. Silence does not indicate a legal position. Yes.
Source
قناة «العلامة الدكتور صالح الفوزان»، [297 -1024] هل إجماع العلماء المقصود به هو اجتماع الكثرة على أمر من أمور الدين؟ - الشيخ صالح الفوزان — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.
