Expiation for an Oath: Its Types and Conditions

The questioner : Hello, yes, peace be upon you. And upon you be peace. May I ask you something? Yes, what is your question? What is your question? The question is about the expiation for an oath. Yes.

The Shaykh : The questioner, our sister on the line, remembers saying: I am asking about the expiation for an oath. If a person swears by the Great Allah, is he required to pay an expiation for that? If a person swears about something, and it is about the past, about a matter that has already passed, then there is no expiation in it. But if he was truthful, there is no sin on him because he kept his oath. And if he was lying, then he is sinful because he swore by Allah falsely. As for if it is about something in the future, that is the one in which there is an expiation, but it has conditions. The first condition is that the oath be established by his intending it in his heart. As for what passes on his tongue without intention, there is nothing in it, by the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He: Okay, Shaykh, what is it? The second condition. That the oath not be coupled.
With the condition of will, meaning he should not say, "By Allah, if Allah wills." If he says, "if Allah wills," then there is no expiation on him, even if he goes against what he swore to, by the saying of the Prophet For this reason, I advise my brothers that when they swear, they should couple their oaths with the will of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. He says: Whenever they swear, "By Allah, if Allah wills, I will certainly do such and such," or "By Allah, if Allah wills, I will not do such and such," or "By Allah, I will not do such and such, if Allah wills," or "By Allah, I will certainly do such and such, if Allah wills." The important thing is that a person should accustom his tongue to saying "if Allah wills" with the oath. And so there are two great benefits. The first benefit is that if he breaks his oath and does not fulfill what he swore to, there is no sin on him and no expiation.
The second is that it makes the matter easier for him if he says "if Allah wills." The evidence for this is that the Prophet of Allah, Sulayman ibn Dawud, peace be upon them both, swore one day, saying: "I will certainly go around tonight to ninety women, and each one of them will give birth to a boy who will fight in the cause of Allah." It was said to him: Say, "if Allah wills." But he, peace and blessings be upon him, did not say that, because he was determined with a firm determination. So he went around to ninety women and gathered them, and not one of them gave birth to a complete child, but one of them gave birth to half a person. The Prophet said:

The presenter : Thank you, Honorable Shaykh, and may Allah bless you, and your knowledge, and benefit Islam with you

The Shaykh : and the Muslims.