The reason for the revelation of the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And of them are those who made a covenant with Allah: If He gives us of His bounty, we will surely give charity and will surely be among the righteous"
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The questioner : He asks: What is the reason for the revelation of this noble verse, [At-Tawbah 9:75] up to the end of the phrase, [At-Tawbah 9:76-77]?
The Shaykh : This verse has no specific reason for its revelation. Rather, Allah the Exalted is narrating about a group of hypocrites that they made this covenant with Allah:[At-Tawbah 9:75-76] They broke the covenant, yes, they were stingy with it, while they had said at first, "We will surely believe," [At-Tawbah 9:76] and they had said at first, [At-Tawbah 9:75] so they broke the covenant. What is the consequence? [At-Tawbah 9:77] Hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day of Resurrection. We ask Allah for safety. Until when? Finally. Until the Day of Resurrection, until death.
[At-Tawbah 9:77], and as for what is famous that it was revealed regarding Tha'labah ibn Hatib, this is never correct. Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) clarified its weakness in *Takhrij Ahadith al-Kashshaf*, the hadiths of al-Zamakhshari's tafsir, and some of the brothers have written a thesis, I think from students of the Islamic University, clarifying that this narration is a lie fabricated regarding Hazza' (may Allah be pleased with him). Tha'labah, yes, regarding Tha'labah ibn Hatib, and the Qur'an indicates its falsehood.
Because the Qur'an indicates that whoever repents from a sin, Allah accepts his repentance, no matter what the sin is[Az-Zumar 39:53]. But someone might say: if it were authentic that it was revealed about him, then the words of Allah the Exalted [At-Tawbah 9:77] would be evidence that his repentance was sincere, would it not? It was not sincere, but the hadith is not authentic, and therefore it is not permissible for us to believe Sahih al-Bukhari 1665 about this Companion, and unfortunately it is found in many books of revelation.
And whoever reads it despairs of the mercy of Allah, saying how did this happen, and he comes to the Messenger, to Abu Bakr, to 'Umar, and to 'Uthman, and he is also from the people of Badr. He surrounded Ibn Abi Salul (may Allah be pleased with him) and did something greater than this. What did he do? Once. He plotted against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding Quraysh.
And when 'Umar sought permission to kill Hatib, and it was not Abu, and it was not Abu Tha'labah, another man, when 'Umar sought permission to kill him, he sought permission from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to kill him, and he prevented him and said to him: "What makes you think that perhaps Allah looked upon the people of Badr and said: Do what you will, for I have forgiven you." So the important thing is that I would like, my brothers, to clarify to people that this story is not authentic and that it is not permissible to believe it regarding this Companion, yes.
And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, [saying], "If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous."
وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِن فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ(76) But when he gave them from His bounty, they were stingy with it and turned away while they refused. (77) So He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day they will meet Him - because they failed Allah in what they promised Him and because they [habitually] used to lie.
فَلَمَّا آتَاهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوا وَّهُم مُّعْرِضُونَ فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰThe Shaykh : This verse has no specific reason for its revelation. Rather, Allah the Exalted is narrating about a group of hypocrites that they made this covenant with Allah:
If He should give us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous." (76) But when he gave them from His bounty
لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِن فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ فَلَمَّا آتَاهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِand turned away while they refused.
وَتَوَلَّوا وَّهُم مُّعْرِضُونَand we will surely be among the righteous."
وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَSo He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day
فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِbecause they failed Allah in what they promised Him and because they [habitually] used to lie.
بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَBecause the Qur'an indicates that whoever repents from a sin, Allah accepts his repentance, no matter what the sin is
Say, "O My servants who have transgressed against themselves [by sinning], do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful."
قُلْ يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا مِن رَّحْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًا إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُSo He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts
فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْthat `Aisha had said, 'The following verses were revealed about
أن هذه الآية نزلت فيAnd whoever reads it despairs of the mercy of Allah, saying how did this happen, and he comes to the Messenger, to Abu Bakr, to 'Umar, and to 'Uthman, and he is also from the people of Badr. He surrounded Ibn Abi Salul (may Allah be pleased with him) and did something greater than this. What did he do? Once. He plotted against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding Quraysh.
And when 'Umar sought permission to kill Hatib, and it was not Abu, and it was not Abu Tha'labah, another man, when 'Umar sought permission to kill him, he sought permission from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to kill him, and he prevented him and said to him: "What makes you think that perhaps Allah looked upon the people of Badr and said: Do what you will, for I have forgiven you." So the important thing is that I would like, my brothers, to clarify to people that this story is not authentic and that it is not permissible to believe it regarding this Companion, yes.
Source
قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، لقاء[73 من 219] سبب نزول قوله تعالى ومنهم من عاهد الله لئن آتانا من فضله؟!! ابن عثيمين- كبار العلماء — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.